Artistole Toulmin - 669 Words

Definitions, Claims, Support Warrants and Artistotle Toulmin Assignment Argument One: For deer hunting to be made illegal in Illinois Main claim - Hunting should be made illegal in Illinois it seems to be a unsafe and ineffective form of recreation . Key terms in the main claim - Unsafe = The fact that there is over 100 hunting deaths in the United States every year Illegal = Forbidden by law Recreation = Activity done for enjoyment when one is not working Support: 3 reasons/sub-claims- Hunting endangers the whole entire community at times, not just the willing hunters Studies have shown that car and deer collisions increase during hunting season. (Reasoning for this is because the deer are scared in the woods and run†¦show more content†¦As to not letting nature take its course. However, since humans are technically an animal, we are a part of this circle, and we are a part of nature so, me hunting is still nature taking its course. Concession: give one - If hunting was legal in Illinois, I think that the amounts that were killed each year could be compromised with so that it doesnt get to out of hand and kill off the population, because we wouldnt want that†¦ How I plan to appeal to the audience using: - Ethos (how I will get my audience to trust me) - 1. I will get my audience to trust me by letting them see how long hunting goes back, it goes back to the cave man days. Its how we survived and we should bond on that level right away. - Logos (what sort of evidence, reasoning,rational explanation,

The Links Between Diet And Cancer Essay - 1652 Words

The Link Between Diet and Cancer Every year, 1.2 million people are diagnosed with cancer and more than 500,000 people die from the disease. According to the National Cancer Institute, over 30% of these deaths can be attributed to diet. This means that the average person can greatly lower his risk of getting cancer simply by changing his diet. There is, of course, no guarantee against cancer, but the lifestyle choices that we make now can have a huge impact on our lives in the future. (http://www.aicr.org/expert1.htm) What diet factors increase my risk of cancer? The majority of the studies done on the link between diet and cancer indicate that there is a relationship between high fat intake and an increased risk†¦show more content†¦Smoking added to excessive alcohol consumption increases the risk of these cancers even more. A maximum of four drinks a day for men and two drinks for women is recommended. Surprisingly enough, frequent consumption of smoked cured and nitrate preserved meats has also been shown to cause cancer. The codes of 249, 250, 251, and 252 on labels of corned beef, bacon, and smoked sausage indicate that the meat has been cured or preserved. These products increase the risk of stomach cancer and should be eaten in moderation. (http://www.petermac.unimelb.edu.au/DIET.html) What are the dietary guidelines for reducing my risk of cancer? 1. Eat at least 5 servings of fruits and vegetables every day. A plant-based diet is high in fiber, minerals and vitamins. The American Cancer Society is quick to point out that you should not need to take extra vitamins if you are eating five servings of fruits and vegetables every day. Citrus fruits, berries, and tomatoes are good sources of vitamin C. Beta-carotene is found in vegetables such as spinach, broccoli, cauliflower, brussel sprouts and cabbage. Cruciferous vegetables may have cancer preventative properties. 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Christianity Environmentalism free essay sample

Positive negative effects of Christian beliefs churches on environmental movement. Religious, social, political, technological, developmental, theological global aspects. The purpose of this research is to examine the effect that Christianity has had on environmentalism and environmental movements. The plan of the research will be to set forth the social, political, and religious context in which the connection between Christianity and environmentalism can be discerned in the current period, and then to discuss the positive and negative effects of Christianity on the environment and environmentalism; the manner in which Christianity has assimilated or created grassroots environmental movements; the connection between work done by Christian churches in the environmental arena; the greening of Christian rhetoric since the mid-1970s in various Christian sects; and the role of the church as a possible nonpolitical and moral anchor of debate and public policy regarding global environmental conditions and resources.

Research Paper on Conflict of Interest Essay Example

Research Paper on Conflict of Interest Essay College students who are looking for an actual topic for their research paper may be interested in using conflict of interest issue, as a good example of a relevant topic. Conflict of interest refers to a situation where someone serves multiple interests, who may exercise his integrity towards one thus putting the others in jeopardy. This issue is particularly relevant where there is business, professions in which a high degree of integrity should be expected. Example of this is the importance of a fair and honest law, political representation, and various other forms of representation. Conflicts of interest can also be defined as a situation in which a person in a position of trust, such as a lawyer, insurer, politic, administrative employee, director, or researcher in the medical field or doctor has opposing professional or personal interests. We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Conflict of Interest specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Conflict of Interest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Conflict of Interest specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Such competing interests can complicate the duty impartially. A conflict of interest exists even when he does not get the result of any unethical or illegal actions. A conflict of interest can create an impression of impurity, which could undermine the credibility of the person in the professional or the judiciary. The conflict can be resolved in mediation and evaluation of all actions of the third party, but in any case, it exists. Even if there is no evidence of actual effects of one interest on another, conflicts of interest still may exist. Conflicts of interest may be the credibility of the profession and professional harm. For these reasons, many professions demands on professionals (politicians, judges) to be recorded in public registers. Conflicts of interest in public service arise from the existence of opportunities for abuse of power. Order of power and participation in providing opportunities for civil servants to manage significant material and human resources , they have access to information can dramatically affect the fate of a specific person, i.e., potentially public administration is subject to a conflict of interest. In certain circumstances, situations of â€Å"inherent risk† of conflict of interest inevitably arise. They may relate to past, present and/or future interests. They may involve the use of expert on related research or development strategies or financing functions. Conflicts of interest may occur in the level of boards to those of agency staff (directors, officers, experts and stakeholders in decision-making, through members’ boards of appeal â€Å"when they exist (e.g., EASA or within the ECHA in Europe, and for the national agencies of the same type) together with stakeholders organizations through scientific advisory committees, expert committees, forums and other places and processes of expertise. Free sample research paper on conflict of interest seems to be a very good solution for those who wants to know more about how to write a good research proposal. Note! Free research paper examples about Conflict of Interest are 100% plagiarized!!! At EssayLib.com custom writing service you can buy a custom research paper on Conflict of Interest topics. Your research paper will be written from scratch. We hire top-rated Ph.D. and Master’s writers only to provide students with professional research paper assistance at affordable rates. Each customer will get a non-plagiarized paper with timely delivery. Just visit our website and fill in the order form with all paper details: Enjoy our professional research paper writing service!

Tiger Facts

Tiger Facts Tigers (Panthera tigris) are the largest and most powerful of all cats. They are extremely agile despite their large size. Tigers are capable of leaping 26 to 32 feet in a single bound. They are also among the most recognizable of cats due to their distinct orange coat, black stripes, and white markings.   Tigers are native to South and Southeast Asia, China and the Russian Far East, though their habitat and numbers have dwindled rapidly. Fast Facts: Tiger Scientific Name: Panthera tigrisCommon Name: TigerBasic Animal Group:  MammalSize: 3–3.5 feet tall at shoulders, 4.6–9.2 feet long including head and body, 2–3 feet tail lengthWeight: 220–675 pounds depending on sub-species and genderLifespan: 10–15 yearsDiet:  CarnivoreHabitat:  South and Southeast Asia, China and the Russian Far East.Population:  3,000–4,500  Conservation  Status:  Endangered Description Tigers vary in color, size, and markings according to their subspecies. Bengal tigers, which inhabit the forests of India, have the quintessential tiger appearance, with a dark orange coat, black stripes, and a white underbelly. Siberian tigers, the largest of all the tiger subspecies, are lighter in color and have a thicker coat that enables them to brave the harsh, cold temperatures of the Russian taiga. Gannet77/Getty Images Habitat and Distribution Tigers historically occupied a range that stretched from the eastern part of Turkey to the Tibetan plateau, Manchuria and the Sea of Okhotsk. Today, tigers occupy only about seven percent of their former range. More than half of the remaining wild tigers live in the forests of India. Smaller populations remain in China, Russia, and parts of Southeast Asia. Tigers inhabit a wide range of habitats such as lowland evergreen forests, taiga, grasslands, tropical forests, and mangrove swamps. They generally require habitat with covers such as forests or grasslands, water resources, and enough territory to support their prey. Diet Tigers are carnivores. They are nocturnal hunters that feed on large prey such as deer, cattle, wild pigs, rhinoceroses, and elephants. They also supplement their diet with smaller prey such as birds, monkeys, fish, and reptiles. Tigers also feed on carrion. Behavior Tigers are solitary, territorial cats. They occupy a home range that is generally between 200 and 1000 square kilometers. Females occupying smaller home ranges than males. Tigers often create several dens within their territory. They are not water-fearing cats; in fact, they are adept swimmers capable of crossing moderately sized rivers. As a result, water rarely poses a barrier to them. Tigers are among only four species of great cats that are capable of roaring. Reproduction and Offspring Tigers reproduce sexually. Although they are known to mate year-round, breeding usually peaks between November and April. Their gestation period is 16 weeks. A litter usually consists of between three to four cubs which are raised alone by the mother; the father plays no role in the upbringing. Tiger cubs generally leave their den with their mother at about 8 weeks old and are independent at 18 months. They stay with their mothers, however, for over two years. 4FR/Getty Images Conservation Status Tigers are listed as an endangered species. Fewer than 3,200 tigers remain in the wild. More than half of those tigers live in the forests of India. The primary threats facing tigers include poaching, habitat loss, dwindling prey populations. Although protected areas have been established for tigers, illegal killings still take place mainly for their skins and use in traditional Chinese medical practices. Although most of their historical range has been destroyed, research suggests tigers living in the Indian sub-continent are still genetically strong. This indicates that, with appropriate conservation and protection in place, tigers do have the capacity to rebound as a species. In India, it is illegal to shoot tigers or trade in their skins or other body parts. Subspecies There are five subspecies of tigers alive today and every one of these subspecies is classified as endangered. The five subspecies of tigers include Siberian tigers, Bengal tigers, Indochinese tigers, South China tigers, and Sumatran tigers. There are also three additional subspecies of tigers that have gone extinct during the past sixty years. The extinct subspecies include Caspian tigers, Javan tigers,  and Bali tigers. Tigers and Humans Human beings have been fascinated by tigers for millennia. Tiger images first appeared as a cultural symbol nearly 5,000 years ago in the area now known as Pakistan. Tigers were part of the games in the Roman Colosseum.While tigers can and will attack a human being if they are threatened or unable to find food elsewhere, tiger attacks are relatively rare. Most man-eating tigers are older or incapacitated, and thus unable to chase down or overpower larger prey. Evolution Modern cats first appeared about 10.8 million years ago. The ancestors of tigers, along with those of jaguars, leopards, lions, snow leopards, and clouded leopards, split off from the other ancestral cat lineages early in the evolution of the cat family and today form what is known as the Panthera lineage. Tigers shared a common ancestor with snow leopards that lived about 840,000 years ago. Sources â€Å"Basic Facts About Tigers.†Ã‚  Defenders of Wildlife, 10 Jan. 2019, defenders.org/tiger/basic-facts.â€Å"Tiger Facts.†Ã‚  National Geographic, 2 Aug. 2015, www.nationalgeographic.com.au/animals/tiger-facts.aspx.â€Å"Where Do Tigers Live? And Other Tiger Facts.†Ã‚  WWF, World Wildlife Fund.

Dark Tourism And Ethical Issues Tourism Essays

Dark Tourism And Ethical Issues Tourism Essays Dark Tourism And Ethical Issues Tourism Essay Dark Tourism And Ethical Issues Tourism Essay Abstraction The research undertaking aimed to make a critical analysis of the ethical issues of dark touristry. Six research aims were set out to assist accomplish this purpose. In the procedure of garnering relevant information on this subject, an analysis of dark touristry throughout the old ages will be done, followed by the committedness of different writers.Furthermore, by examine in deepness both the consumers and suppliers point of positions to farther understand the ethical quandary of dark touristry, the research undertaking will foreground the chief jobs that occur within this sector of touristry.Secondary research has been chosen as a chief research method. A broad assortment of literature was gathered on the construct of civilization and touristry by utilizing a snowball sampling of secondary literature. This type of sampling was carried out by utilizing the writers list of mentions to foreground other articles that might be of relevancy.The findings indicated that, it may be possible to province that ethical issues will ever go on to be around dark touristry, as long dark touristry itself exists excessively.Recommendation has been given on the importance of the consideration of the ethicalities of dark touristry. As decision indicated, ethical issues can non be understated, and both consumers and suppliers may desire to work together, if in the hereafter, we still would wish to cognize about our history through the signifier of touristry alternatively through text editions and instruction. Introduction Hall ( 1998 ) states that touristry is the universe s largest industry, and it is expected to go on to turn, develop and keep. The tourer industry is a major economic, environmental and socio-cultural force, and it becomes a life style for 1000000s of people on our planet. Its good consequence on the development of political, societal, cultural dealingss and international dealingss on a planetary graduated table has become an obvious fact to all states around the universe. ( Meethan, 2001 )Over the last half century it is seeing that tourers have long been attracted to topographic points or events associated in one manner or another with decease, catastrophe and agony. ( Stone, 2009a ) All these sites and many more which are similar, are what are called sites for dark touristry harmonizing to chief theoreticians John Lennon and Malcolm Foley, besides known as Thanatourism ( Seaton, 1996 cited in Ryan et Al, 2005 ) and Black Spots ( Rojek, 1997 ) . This signifier of touristry is w hat Seaton ( 1999 ) defines is about going to sites associated with decease, agony and other tragic events that have become important tourist finishs. In fact, the act of touristic travel to topographic points of decease, war, race murder, blackwash and catastrophes is going the most underdeveloped subdivision of touristry during the past old ages and cultural activity within modern-day society.At the same clip, there is grounds of a greater willingness or desire on the portion of tourers to see dark attractive forces and the sites of dark events. ( Stone, 2009a ) For illustration, 1000s of tourers come to Pont de lAlma Road Tunnel in Paris, to put flowers and light tapers in unofficial commemoration of Princess Diana of Wales, where she died in auto accident.With the turning popularity of this sort of touristry within the dark touristry market ( Tunbridge and Ashworth, 1996 ) , the ethical issues environing it will necessitate to be enquired. Ethical motives plays a function in ab out every concern related determination. ( Hartman, 1998 ) With the consumers and suppliers take parting in this growing of phenomenon of dark touristry, as they potentially contrasting ethical positions towards dark touristry may be different.Whereas a suppliers agencies of continuing history is to bear down people to keep its upkeep, the consumers may see it as money doing strategy in the disbursal of the asleep lives of the site. Whereas the suppliers agencies of allowing people know its history is through reading of vulgar images, may look unethically unpleasant for consumers. The thesis will concentrate on the inquiry of moralss in dark touristry, thereby progressing cognition and apprehension of dark touristry itself. Purpose The purpose of the undertaking is a critical analysis of the ethical issue of dark touristry. Whether the decease could be sold and consumed throw dark attractive forces and national calamities. Aims To specify Dark TourismTo specify the construct of moralssTo analyze in deepness both the consumers and suppliers point of positions to farther understand the ethical quandary of dark touristry.To utilize Stone ( 2006 ) s shades of darkness spectrum as a tool for mensurating different degrees of dark touristry sitesTo set up a conceptual ethical model for the survey of selling provocative narrations of national calamity in heritage state of affairssTo propose recommendations on the ethical issues Rationale Despite the long history of dark touristry and grounds of travel to sites associated with decease, the academic attending on this phenomenon has late appeared. As a consequence, a figure of cardinal inquiries with regard to dark touristry remain unreciprocated. ( Stone, 2009a )This subject has been chosen due to a deficiency of research carried out on ethical and moral issues of dark touristry. The undertaking can be utile to derive more cognition into the subject of dark touristry.The survey of dark touristry is of import for a figure of grounds. It can be used for educational intents of wider societal involvement or for agencies of enjoyment. In relation to this Stone.R ( 2009, p.7 ) provinces: aˆÂ ¦ Dark touristry provides the chance for tourers to see playful houses of horror, discover topographic points of pilgrims journey such as the Gravess or decease sites of celebrated people or see sites of major catastrophes or atrociousnesss However, all these attractive forces requ ire a deep apprehension within cultural, societal, historical and political context, effectual reading and development. Otherwise the nature of dark touristry, in peculiar, the arguments and conflicts it represent, will indicate to a figure of issues that demand scrutiny and understanding, such as moralss and morality.Whether people visit these sites for recollection, instruction or amusement intents, there will be one quandary associating to many dark attractive forces: if it is ethical and moral to sell, advance or offer decease for touristic ingestion. For illustration, 1000000s of tourers stop alongside with those, who mourning the loss of loved 1s, to see where the World Trade Center one time stood in New York.In order to research the quandary of the moralss and morality of dark touristry, it is necessary to gain that dark touristry is intriguing, affectional and provocative and it is of import to research many characteristics of dark touristry, which may be perceived unethical by some people.Stone ( 2009a ) provinces: aˆÂ ¦Consequently, the moralss of dark tourismA are possibly portion of the broader research docket. Ultimately, from this research a Fuller apprehension of dark tourismA shall be made, and therefore cognition of the phenomenon advanced. Naturally, anyone researching dark touristry should see the moralss of their research, in peculiar how information is both collected and presented Furthermore a instance survey will be conducted in order to hold a closer expression at the state of affairs and the major jobs happening sing ethical issues of dark touristry.In add-on, the research worker is originally interested in dark touristry phenomenon. For the past 2 old ages the research worker has visited the legion topographic points of decease and catastrophe such as Chernobyl, and has noticed that it is going progressively popular. The research worker besides found out that, for 2 old ages at that place are legion measure of arguments on peculi ar quandary, which will be analysed in the thesis.It is hoped that this survey will hold an impact on understanding dark touristry. In add-on, it is besides hoped that this undertaking will pull more attending to ethical issues and supply a new point of position for those, who does non accept truth and reality of dark sites or attractive forces. Literature Review Roberts ( 2004, p.73 ) defines a literature reappraisal as, aˆÂ ¦locating, analyzing, synthesizing and construing old researchaˆÂ ¦ This subdivision will be used to set up theoretical model, place theoretical accounts and surveies and specify cardinal nomenclature in relation to dark touristry and moralss. All research that has been conducted will be presented within this subdivision. An in-depth reappraisal of the literature has been done in order to garner relevant information on dark touristry itself and ethical issues throughout the old ages. The literature matrix illustrates the chief countries which are perceived to be the most of import in relation to the subject of dark touristry ethical issues. By making a literature reappraisal matrix, it would assist the research worker contrast and compare the writer s work easy. As a consequence by transporting out a elaborate reappraisal of the literature it could perchance place of import inquiries, cardinal issues and noti ceable spreads within the current cognition on the subject. Dark Tourism: Definitions Merely in recent old ages that it has been together referred to as dark touristry, travel to topographic points associated with decease, catastrophe and devastation has occurred every bit long as people have been able to go. In many instances there is no clear definition of this touristry niche.Although, the term dark touristry was foremost created by Foley and Lennon ( 1996a, B ) . For Foley and Lennon, the term dark touristry relates chiefly to the presentation and ingestion ( by visitants ) of existent and commodii ¬?ed decease and catastrophe sites ( 1996a:198 ) ; a wide dei ¬?nition subsequently rei ¬?ned by their averment that dark touristry is an hint of post-modernity ( Lennon andFoley 2000:11 ) .At the same clip, another nomenclature has been applied to the phenomenon. Seaton ( 1996 ) refers to death-related tourer activity as thanatourism , while other labels include morbid touristry ( Blom, 2000 ) , Rojek ( 1993 ) offered a Black Spot touristry definition, gri ef touristry and milking the macabre ( Dann, 1994:61 ) .However, there is a factor, which is common to all these footings of touristry. It is all about association, in one signifier or another, between a touristry site, attractive force or experience and decease, catastrophe of enduring. As a consequence, definitions of dark touristry focal point on connexion between touristry and decease. Tarlow ( 2005:48 ) , for illustration, gives designation for dark touristry as trials to topographic points where calamities or historically notable decease has occurred and that continue to impact our lives , a definition that aligns dark touristry slightly hardly to certain sites and intimations at peculiar motivations. Miles ( 2002 ) states that, nevertheless it excludes many dark sited and attractive forces related to, while non needfully the site of, decease and catastrophe.Therefore, for the intents of this research undertaking, the writer will specify dark touristry, harmonizing to Ston e ( 2006, a ) merely and by and large as the act of travel to sites associated with decease, agony and the apparently ghastly . Ethical motives Rock ( 2006, a ) states that moralss and the morality of selling provocative and sensitive narrative through heritage to the touring and sing community is more constituted and documented job of dark touristry.Ethical motives have been conceptualised as a set of regulations and rules, refering rightful behavior based on our most profoundly held values, the things we most cherish and the things we most despise. ( Lieberman, 2000 ) . The term can besides mention to the systematic survey of manner of believing about how we ought to act and happening a rational manner of how we ought to populate .Ethical motives and morality suggest a set of responsibilities that require subordination of natural desires in order to obey the moral jurisprudence ( Singer, 1994 ) . The twentieth century saw philosophers nearing the job of the beginning of moralss as something unapproachable. Among the most publicized conceptual minds in the field of moralss have been ( Singer, 1994:18 ) :Thrasymachus ( fourth century ) and the thesis that moralss are imposed on the weak by the strong ;Socrates ( fourth century ) and the thesis that the swayer is non concerned with his ain involvements, but with that of the topic ;Hobbes ( seventeenth century ) and his statement that moralss give the swayer a right to to command and to be complied ;Nietzsche ( nineteenth century ) who proposed morality is the creative activity of the herd ( led more fear than hope ) Ethical motives and Moralisation in Tourism There are legion schools of ideas and sentiments, and literature on the board topic of moralss is prevailing. What is more important in the state of affairs of the dark touristry is proposing a conceptual ethical model for the analysis of supplying and selling provocative narrations of countrywide calamity in heritage scenes. This survey is concerned with two chief and obvious parts of moralss and morality as follows: Business moralss and the extent to which concerns within the heritage industry which communicate a dark narrative to the sing public see their patterns to be ethical ( Stone, 2006, a ) Personal morality and the extent to which these frequently provocative narrations are received and are passable harmonizing to the moral rules of visitants from widely changing cultural backgrounds. ( Stone, 2006, a )Harmonizing to Stone ( 2006, a ) the term business moralss has been described at the extreme as an oxymoron in the corporate universe since some argue that morality, as B utcher ( 2003 ) provinces, is per se absent in capitalist entrepreneurial ventures . At the minute the issue of concern moralss is a conspicuous topic pulling attending from a figure of communities of involvement, such as consumers, force per unit area groups and the media ( Strange and Kempa, 2003 ) .Harmonizing to Crane A ; Matten ( 2007 ) , corporate societal duty is a dominant strand of the converse of concern moralss and has been contrived to mention to the inexplicit procedure of pass oning a legal and institutional corporate model within which a responsibility of attention ( to people, the environment and employees among others ) is implied .For dark touristry, it has non been to the full elaborated upon in this context since there present different jobs in pass oning the societal duty of these types of heritage sites, such as:The esotericism in the range of what is morally acceptable to assorted communities of involvement: is there a hierarchal order of attention or dut y that must be demonstrated? Stone ( 2006, a ) provides illustration of Auschwitz as the most responsible manner to acknowledge visitants in conformity with the moral and ethical codifications of the relations of captives and victims, but besides with the moral rules of other visitant types such as Polish visitants, immature visitants. Conflicts of involvement, harmonizing to Ryan et Al ( 2005 ) , are common in heritage but more morally charged where the narration is provocative and contested Is it ethical to follow another national calamity and instill it with new national discourse? Cole ( 1999a ) provides this in a context of the United States Holocaust commemoration Museum which he disputes Americanises European Judaic calamity, repacking Holocaust for American mass ingestion in theater, touristry and heritage.In general, these discourses of corporate societal duty are present in linguistic communication of many operations therefore far defined as being in the dark touristr y concern Stone ( 2006a ) provinces, that traditionally, touristry moralss are discussed in the context of touristry as a major economic engine that can bring mayhem on the environment and can negatively anneal the influence host communities in finishs imagined as culturally sensitive Cheong and Miller ( 2000 ) discuss touristry moralss in footings of normalizing what is acceptable or non acceptable, and an inspecting regard influenced by the use of imagination in touristry selling .Tourism activity offers a rare, discernible signifier of ethical behavior. Tourists vote with their pess and demonstrate in sing dark heritage sites that these are morally acceptable infinites to busy. Ethical discourses linked to the production and ingestion of contested heritage sites are shaped and maintained by many voices Stone ( 2006a ) . The issue of retrieving calamity and subjugation in heritage sites and to whom memory is entrusted, is at the Centre of academic argument environing truth and appropriate narrations broadcast by dark touristry sites. Summary of the literature reappraisal Issues in literature reappraisal has been addressed which stress the importance of the different definitions to cultural touristry suggested by different writers. The consequences of this literature reappraisal have enabled the writer to finish the first aim of the survey by showing an apprehension of the ethical issues of dark touristry, what dark touristry itself is and what ethical model is. Using a broad scope of modern academic positions has helped to exemplify significance of dark touristry moralss academic position, which can be used in the undermentioned chapters in reexamining the chief findings of the survey undertaken. The matrix figure provides a sum-up of the chief points generated by each academic paper and comparisons and contrasts the assorted writers positions.The matrix figure illustrates the context of cultural touristry referred to in academic documents and books utilized in the literature reappraisal. It demonstrates that the sentiments of the different writers are both different and similar. Methodology This subdivision of thesis is traveling to analyze the different research methods used within this undertaking. In order to do this research undertaking successful, it is of import that appropriate research methods or techniques have to be chosen. The intent of a methodological analysis is to show, explicate and warrant the research methods used in this thesis. Harmonizing to Krippendorff ( 2004 ) the intent of a methodological analysis is to assist the research worker efficaciously program and analyze the logic, composing and protocols of the research methods that have been used in research undertaking. The research worker will show a sum-up of the beginnings of information gathered ; a description of the process used to obtain information and the assorted research methods will be discussed. Furthermore, by finishing the methodological analysis it will show how a systematic probe was applied into the subject of dark touristry. Choice of Research Design Secondary Datas Crisp et Al. ( 2002, p139 ) define two classs of informations which are: primary informations that the research worker collects through observations, interviews, questionnaires and etc. ; and secondary informations that have been collected by other old research workers.As the writer of this thesis has already mentioned before, in order to execute this research undertaking in successful manner, two classs of informations and different research methods should be investigated. This research undertaking will be chiefly based on secondary research because the primary research is non needed as all the information is already available through secondary research beginnings, such as books, diaries and newspapers. What is more, in order to accomplish the purpose that has to be investigated, the best method of research would be secondary research.To heighten the bing but really small grounds of the posed subject, secondary research was gathered. Ghosh and Chopra ( 2003, p.33 ) define the term s econdary research as: information which are already in being and collected by others, non by the research worker and are available in published and unpublished signifiers Secondary research was chosen as the quickest and the easiest manner to entree and is the most cost effectual attack to this research undertaking as good. Veal ( 2006 ) confirms this by saying that secondary informations frequently provides research workers with rapid replies to some inquiries at less cost than it would to undergo primary research. Furthermore, if there is adequate secondary research to establish the survey on so it would be a waste of resources to roll up new information for the same intents ( Veal, 2006 ) .What is more, secondary research seemed more relevant than primary research. This was because there was broad assortment of literature on the topic of dark touristry and ethical issues, sourced from University College Birmingham library, with many books incorporating relevant information, whic h will be discussed subsequently. Primary Data The Oxford English Dictionary ( 2002 ) defines primary research which is collected for a particular and immediate research demand There are many different ways in which to transport out primary research. In order of this research subject, the writer found that many of the theories could nt be backed up with primary informations and with a suited sample.For the intent of this research undertaking, primary research could be used to garner relevant informations and entree a big population of pupils at University College Birmingham and other universities situated in Birmingham.One of the nucleus methods of transporting out primary research is through questionnaires. Chiefly, there are two signifiers of questionnaires: open ended and closed ended. Open ended questionnaires are likely to hold limitless replies to a set of options and likely to have long replies. However, the trouble is that they are hard to analyze and as they seem to manus the wand of control over to the other individu al. Closed complete inquiries impose a direct hazard to the cogency of findings and can be answered with either a individual word or a short phrase.Another signifier of primary research, which was considered were interviews. The Oxford English Dictionary ( 2002 ) defines interview as formal treatment between two parties in which information is exchanged. It is possible to state, that it is all about inquiring inquiries and having the replies.Therefore in this research undertaking, due to troubles in roll uping the required information and entree a big population for proving along the installations required to transport out, a primary research would non be utile in garnering relevant informations and the research worker will profit further from analyzing secondary informations from literature. Obtaining Research The bulk of secondary research for this thesis was gathered from books, academically reviewed diaries, online factual studies, newspapers and the cyberspace. All this beginnings can warrant the point of position of an writer and supply relevant information about the research undertaking.The most easy accessible secondary research method that the writer of thesis found was the usage text books. Text books were chiefly used to derive background cognition and obtain a wider apprehension of specific subjects. The advantage of utilizing books is because it gives a clear apprehension and academic information. As it was already mentioned earlier, this method was the easiest, because the research worker could acquire them non merely from the University College Birmingham library, but besides to the on-line library supplied by the University and other online administrations such as Amazon, EBay and Google. Key words had to be entered to happen appropriate books from the online administrations and the library catalogue, the following cardinal words were entered, dark touristry , dark touristry moralss , dark touristry and morality . There were some books which contained many different theories from the yesteryear to the present twenty-four hours. The researched decided that the most relevant writer s for this research undertaking were John Lennon and Malcolm Foley ( 2000 ) and Richard Sharpley and Phillip R.Stone ( 2009, a ) . Books for the methodological analysis were found by come ining the cardinal words ; research methods and methodological analysis .The diaries are preferred because they are accurate and supply up to day of the month informations, they are besides more relevant to the subject as the thesis is concentrated on the subject of consumers and suppliers point of positions of dark touristry. The diaries were accessed through academic hunt engines like Athens for illustration and journal databases such as ScienceDirect, Emerald Management Xtra. B ut unluckily, these databases were non utile as they did non give any information on peculiar inquiry, except ScienceDirect. Diaries associating to the research subject were accessed with comfort as the research worker can type in cardinal words and the database will show pages of diaries that are associated with the cardinal words. The cardinal words the research worker typed in to each diary database were Dark touristry , ethical issues of dark touristry , moralss and morality , Dark touristry forum . To acquire more information, the research worker travelled to universities to see their diaries nevertheless entree to relevant information, were non every bit successful as it was to happen them via the cyberspace.On-line factual studies were used to obtain natural facts and figures ; some of these studies include Mintel. Similarly to accessing the diaries, cardinal words were entered in order to recover the information, the cardinal words that were entered were Dark touris try moralss , Dark touristry . Furthermore, online articles were read in order to derive a wider position of the posed capable country.The use of newspaper and cyberspace will besides be included in order to supply a assortment of information and because they are easy of entree. Newspapers are utile because they are up to day of the month, nevertheless the information can be excessively subjective, and as for this peculiar subject of dark touristry, the research worker found newspapers non truly utile, because of the deficiency of information on dark touristry. Internet was utile beginning of information ; nevertheless the reader demand to look into if the beginning is dependable and information is updated. Web sites are easy to entree and easy to research information on and are besides updated on a regular basis. This assortment of beginnings gives a better apprehension of the topic. Construction of Design Out of all the research that has been taken, text books and academic diaries were the most dependable and valid to utilize to endorse up any point. This is due to the fact that dark touristry is relatively new phenomenon in touristry industry, books and academic diaries are frequently published often throughout the twelvemonth so the information that is provided is up to day of the month. Furthermore, academic diaries and text books are intensely reviewed by academic professionals before publication to guarantee its cogency.The writer of thesis aimed to garner resources that were merely published after the twelvemonth 1999 as this is comparatively recent ; nevertheless certain books have been used from a much earlier day of the month due to their relevancy to the research inquiry. However, diaries or books dated in the 80s or 90s will non see as outdated.The choice of secondary informations gathered has been published in a assortment of topographic points ; it was thought that as the subject in inquiry is ethical issue of dark touristry, so possibly research published in a assortment of states would be utile to acquire a broad scope of positions from across the Earth. Advantages and Disadvantages of Research Methods Although secondary research was the ideal research method to utilize for this research undertaking, it does keep some disadvantages. There is ever the hazard that the writer could include their ain sentiments, so they can strongly sway towards one point and books can be non updated on a regular footing. Besides, with academic diaries, there are many accurate subjects and findings, nevertheless a fee is charged for many of them, some of which are merely available to a certain group of people doing them difficult or even impossible to entree, this could set a strain on the research worker s findings. As for Mintel, some of studies were helpful, but non published yet for audience. Furthermore, Ghosh and Chopra ( 2003 ) reference that although it is more cost effectual and less clip consuming, the secondary research may non be every bit accurate as the research worker had hoped.Besides this, secondary research still remained ideal for the thesis as the quality of informations obtained ca n be better than the quality of primary research, as information gained through secondary beginnings could hold been obtained utilizing better and more advanced resources. Furthermore, because of the deficiency of clip and fiscal state of affairs, secondary research was chiefly used as being cost effectual and less clip consuming, it is besides easy to entree as it does non necessitate any extra resources.Primary research was considered due to the fact that it is utile to garner relevant informations and entree a big population of pupils tailored to the research workers demands. However, it was rejected due to the deficiency of experience, financess and resources which could give a bound to the quality of the information gathered and as a consequence, being unsuccessful ( Kumar, 2005 ) . The research worker does non hold any experience in transporting out primary research so in order to do the research undertaking successful, it would be inappropriate for primary research to be unde rgone for this thesis, and it would do more sense for the research worker to analyze findings from old and more experient research workers and academic professionals. Plan for Data Analysis As there is a assortment of secondary information gathered, it is necessary for the research worker to analyze them carefully. This assortment of beginnings gives a better apprehension of the topic.Once it has all been collected, it will be exhaustively analysed to find its cogency and dependability, and those that are non pertinent will be rejected from being used for the thesis. It is of import that cogency is measured carefully as Kirk and Miller ( 1986, p.71 ) references that perfect cogency entails perfect dependability .In order to measure the gathered research, the research worker will read over it and do their ain judgements based on a figure of factors environing it for illustration, the beginnings in which the information was collected from and the method in which the beginnings were collected. When using the frame work, the research worker will utilize it to measure different facets of the dark touristry moralss to reason by supplying concluding consequences to the purpo se. Drumhead This methodological analysis has evaluated and justified the pick of research design for this thesis. As secondary research is being used, the research worker has analysed this type of research by depicting the advantages and disadvantages of it. After the collected research has been evaluated, the findings will be analysed and discussed in the undermentioned subdivision. Analysis and Evaluation This subdivision is indispensable as the research worker will be analyzing and measuring the findings of the research undertaking. The chief facets of the consequences which were found in the informations discussed in the literature reappraisal will be approached carefully in order to weigh up the statements efficaciously. Dark touristry and ethical issues Among the more constituted quandary of dark touristry is moralss and morality. Dark touristry has frequently raised ethical arguments and treatments about the ways in which leisur

Learning Statement -this paper is for The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada Essay

Learning Statement -this paper is for The Aboriginal Peoples of Canada class ( First Nation course) - Essay Example Due to the interest that I had in the course and my eagerness to learn more, I always strived to grasp everything that was taught and to also study on my own so that I could be able to grasp everything I could possibly get. This allowed me to appreciate the traditional Canada and the manner it has transformed over the years. I developed a lot of interest in this course, right from the beginning, when the various topics that we were to study were introduced. The main reason as to why I had lots of interest in this course is due to the fact that it is a course that gave me an opportunity to understand Canada and the various historical aspects of the Canadian society. This was made possible through the studying of several topics that are associated to the antiquity of the Canadian society. Some of the topic that were studied in this course that were interesting included study of the original inhabitants of the land, settling of foreigners in Canada, emergence of conflicts among the traditional Canadian societies, the conflicts with the foreigners, mediation that led to the settling of the issues that had been raised and the reemergence of self-governance (Dickason & Newbigging, 2010). This course covered various aspects of the society that included human population issues, social cultural factors in Canada and the economic aspects of the traditional Canadian community and society. This is in addition to looking at the various systems that existed in the traditional Canadian society and the transformation of the society and the systems. The topic that best fascinated me in this class is the topic on the aboriginal healing movement. The major reason why this topic was so much of interest to me is due to the fact that it demonstrated how the conflict that had been experienced in the Canadian community was solved through reconciliation. This in turn transformed conflicts into peace and allowed various communities to live together. Aboriginal healing

GENSTAT Analysis of Variance of Two Seed Statistics Project

GENSTAT Analysis of Variance of Two Seed - Statistics Project Example Nevertheless, their growth started declining drastically and then again increased steadily as depicted in the above graph. Conversely, unaged declined steadily in the initial stages of seedbed preparation then started increasing steadily. This implies that preparation process impacted negatively on the growth of the unaged seeds. Seed preparation directly correlates to the seedling aging. There is the relatively higher frequency with the unaged seeds as compared to the aged seeds. Therefore, this confirms the results of the ANOVA that there are more seedlings with unaged seeds as compared to aged seeds. Conversely, unaged declined steadily in the initial stages of seedbed preparation then started increasing steadily. This implies that preparation process impacted negatively on the growth of the unaged seeds. Seed preparation directly correlates to the seedling aging. There is the relatively higher frequency with the unaged seeds as compared to the aged seeds. Therefore, this confirms the results of the ANOVA that there are more seedlings with unaged seeds as compared to aged seeds.

Dreams, Views and Teachings of Great People Essay Example for Free

Dreams, Views and Teachings of Great People Essay History is made up of significant events, which shape our future and exceptional leaders who influence our destiny. Leaders such as Martin Luther Kink Jr., Mahatma Gandhi, and even various prophets. Their contributions to our history place them in this unique position. Each of them has their own stories, dreams, views, beliefs and goals in life; and yet they are also similar in a vast amount of ways. My objective here is to compare and contrast these leaders as well as discussing the connection to modern day prophets if any. In order for Mahatma Gandhi to reach his ultimate goal, he had to prove worthy of its rewards. All that Gandhi wanted is for people to begin to respect his ideas and see that his belief truly was just. Gandhi spoke of non-violent resistance as a method to help the opposing side see how they were committing sins. Gandhi used inspirational words to encourage his people. He was motivated to begin fighting for Indian rights after being humiliated, and then he had faith that he could help India achieve independence. He knew that if Indians remained nonviolent and forgave the enemies, they would someday be rewarded. To show his responsibility and commitment to the fight Gandhi was subject to fasting, abstinence or the use of non-violence as a political tool. Gandhi led many campaigns, organized strikes, and stayed true to him self just to convey a message to the people. Gandhi claimed to be no more that an average man with less than average ability. He did not want any special advantage for what he did. He believed that any man or women could achieve what he had, if he or she would make the same effort and grow the same hope and faith. Martin Luther King Jr. took the lessons taught by Gandhi to the oppressed of India, and applied them to the oppression of the blacks in America. He also used words of wisdom to encourage his fellow African Americans, to see how deserving they are of equal treatment. King adopted Gandhis method of non-violence, realizing this is the path to freedom. His tactics of protest involved non-violent passive resistance to racial injustice. King was merely  a role model whose mission in life was to serve others. His wisdom, words, commitment, deeds, and dreams for a new shine of life made others full of hope. His visions and goals were simple, yet breathtaking. Some major similarities between the two are that they both speak of G-d in a personal way; they speak of Him as the truth. They both teach others by their own examples, and they both take an active part in politics. Most importantly they both taught us to open our eyes to the truth. This just shows you that some of the greatest people started out as nothing and developed/changed into leaders of the world. Although their efforts have brought about tremendous progress, their work is no way complete. My reason for this is that we have still not yet achieved equality among people of all races. Yes, we all ride in the same bus, but equality is still a major issue. I think just to connect this to Tanach and Jewish Law, a great way to do something is to get involved in the community and get people thinking about the issues, because if racism and equality arent even on our minds how can we do anything about them? Even by just thinking about this will make their dreams a reality. What is a prophet? Based on Tanach class and the movie, we learn that its a person whose message is always relevant; and they addressed modern situations and current issues. Prophets loved their nation; they were fearless of most things; and they were students of history. Also they were men of prayer, and had personal relationship with political and religious leaders of their day. The more specific things they did are pass on the message of G-d, inform people of wrong doings and set them on the right path, etc. Taking a look at Amos, he was bold and fearless when called to deal with evils of the day. He was known for his sense of justice and pride. Today I think his message would be that people should love and treat all as equal status. Now if we compare this general definition of a prophet to MLK Jr. and Gandhi, then yes I do think they fit the role of prophets. Still I dont know if they would be considered modern day prophets. Simply because I dont have a true idea of what I believe about modern day prophets. But it is safe to say that they were the heroes of our generation. We just have to hope they know it!

Glucosamine/Chondroitin Essay -- essays research papers

Do you know what the dietary supplement glucosamine/chondroitin is, does or can do? Do you know what the side effects are or if there are any? Do you know how it’s made or what it’s derived from? I didn’t think so, so that’s what I am here to tell you. I was playing lacrosse one day when I made a sudden move and that’s when it all went down hill. I tore the cartilage in my knee, the meniscus - a piece of cartilage that acts as a cushion - to be exact. A few days later I was talking to my Aunt Marie, a podiatrist, when she mentioned the dietary supplement glucosamine/contortion. First, let’s brake it down. What is glucosamine? Glucosamine is an amino sugar that is produced naturally in our bodies. Glucosamine can also be found in the shells of shellfish. Glucosamine is necessary for the construction of connective tissue and healthy cartilage. It is the building block of proteoglycans, which are large protein molecules that act like a sponge to hold water thereby giving connective tissue elasticity and cushioning effects. It also provides a buffering action to help protect against impacts that could cause damage to the surrounding area. Glucosamine helps to form tendons, ligaments, skin, nails, bones, mucous membranes, and other body tissue. Many studies have been put together to determine whether it effectively supplements our bodies’ glucosamine needs. Studies have shown that it can replace what the body can not produce. For example in one study, oral glucosamine stimulate...

Cola Wars †the Carbonated Soft Drink Industry Porter Five Analysis Essay

The existing players in the soft drink industry have much advantage relative to new entrants. First, supply-side economy discourages new entrants by forcing them to enter the market in large scale. CSD’s demand side benefits of scale also makes it difficult for new entrants to be accepted by the public. In 2002, a survey found that 37% of respondents chose a CSD because it is their favorite brand, while only 10% said so about bottled water. This demonstrates CSD customers’ high brand loyalty and their lack of desire to buy from new entrants. In terms of capital requirement, concentrate manufacturers only requires $25~$50 million to set up a plant that can serve the entire United States of America. Yet, new entrants may have difficulties competing with major players’ well-established brands and their large scale unrecoverable (therefore, hard to finance) spending on advertising. There is also unequal access to bottlers and retail channels for newcomers. Most bottlers are in long-term contracts with major CSD brands; also, the largest distribution channel, supermarkets, consider CSD a â€Å"big traffic draw†, thus provide little to no shelf space for newcomers. In addition, strong fear of retaliation from major players also makes newcomers hesitate to enter. Bargaining Power of Suppliers Required inputs for CSD are mostly raw materials such as caramel coloring, phosphoric or citric acid, natural flavors, caffeine, and fructose. Almost all suppliers of the CSD industry provide undifferentiated commodities and thus have little bargaining power and almost no strength to integrate forward. Bargaining Power of Buyers End consumers and retail channels can both be considered as buyers in the CSD industry. End consumers are likely to have brand loyalty to their CSD as analyzed in threat of new entry. Thus, consumers are expected to continue purchasing a brand unless there is a significant price increase or substantial change in flavor. Consequently, end consumers have little bargaining power. Retail channels, on the other hand, have more bargaining leverage since they buy CSDs in much larger quantities than end consumers. Yet, for retail channels such as supermarkets (making up almost one third of all retail volume), CSDs are considered a â€Å"big traffic draw†, thus reducing its bargaining power. In addition, fountain outlets (making up another 23. 4% of retail channel) also have insignificant bargaining power since they rely on CSD companies’ heavy investment in dispensers, cups, point-of-sale advertising, and many other types of equipment. Threat of Substitutes CSDs are unique in terms of taste and properties. When a consumer craves CSD, it is difficult to find a replacement that can equally satisfy his or her desire. Even after CSD was identified as the â€Å"largest source of obesity-causing sugars in the American diet† in 2005, CSDs still â€Å"accounted for 73. 1% of U. S. non-alcoholic refreshment beverage volume (down from 80. 8% in 2000)† at around the same time. It is true that consumers are moving towards alternatives that have more natural flavors such as several tea-based drinks and bottled water; yet, CSD firms have quickly adapted to this shift and largely dominated the market of these alternatives. Rivalry Among Existing Competitors Even though rivalry among existing competitors – Coke, Pepsi, and Cadbury Schweppes seem intense, the profitability has not been weakened. This is largely because of the high concentration of competition and their focus on promotion, advertising, and other forms of branding instead of waging large-scale price wars. In a way, the success of Coke and Pepsi required the heavy competition on these dimensions. â€Å"Without Coke, Pepsi would have a tough time being an original and lively competitor. The more successful they (Coke) are, the sharper we (Pepsi) have to be. † says Roger Enrico, former CEO of Pepsi. The CSD industry profitability lies within the Cola War itself that forces major players to improve continuously. Through Porter’s five forces analysis, it becomes clear that CSD is so profitable because of the way its industry competition is shaped: high entry barriers due to newcomers’ unfavorable supply-side economies of scale, demand-side benefits of scale, and unrecoverable advertising spending; low bargaining power of suppliers and buyers since CSD requires mainly homogeneous commodities, buyers have high brand loyalty, and retailers rely heavily on CSD firms’ investments; well handled threat of substitutes; and healthy internal rivalry that is vital to continuous improvement.

Is Money the Sole Motivator for the Workforce Essay

Mitchell has defined motivation as ‘the degree to which an individual wants and chooses to engage in specified behaviours’. Simply put, motivation is the reason why an individual wants to do something. The four characteristics that underlie Mitchell’s definition are: motivation is typified as an individual phenomenon, as each individual is unique; motivation is described usually as intentional; motivation is multifaceted and the purpose of motivation theories is to predict behaviour. The basic motivational model explains that needs and expectations will result in a driving force to achieve desired goals, which ultimately provide fulfilment, thus leading to new needs and expectations. The CIPD Employee Attitudes to Pay 2011 report provides evidence that since 2008 workers feel less motivated to perform well, and employees that receive bonuses gave a higher job satisfaction score than their counterparts. This evidence can be supported by Taylor’s rational-economic needs concept of motivation. Workers under his direction would deliver higher outputs to increase productivity and in return be rewarded for their hard work through monetary incentives. However, his belief disregards rewards that are not money orientated which could still increase productivity, also known as intrinsic motivation. Herzberg’s devised a two-factor theory to explain how to achieve motivation and job satisfaction. One set of factors are called ‘hygiene’ or ‘maintenance’ factors, which are concerned with job environment for example, salary, job security, working conditions, level and quality of supervision, company policy and interpersonal relations. If these are absent it can lead to an individual feeling dissatisfied. The other set of factors are called ‘motivators’ or ‘growth’ factors, which provide a sense of achievement, recognition, responsibility, nature of the work and personal growth and advancement. An absence of these lead to a lack of satisfaction, but not dissatisfaction. Employees at Aviva have demonstrated the second set of factors through applying the concept of â€Å"systems thinking† – improving processes on an organisation scale to improve customer experience. When an employee has achieved success it has spurred others to follow suit creating a domino effect, thus boosting employee engagement and increasing motivation at work. Using this model it becomes clear that money is a motivator but not the only motivator. If motivation is not present it can cause dissatisfaction, the extent of this determined by one’s circumstances and other satisfactions that can be achieved at work. Receiving recognition and having opportunities available to grow and work up the ladder are just as important, if not more, influences on motivation.

Roleplaying)

Watergate Scandal erupts in D.C. (Creative Writing/ Roleplaying) Yesterday, June 17, 1972, the Democratic Party's National Committee offices, located at the Watergate Hotel in Washington D.C., were broken into yesterday by several men. Though the number of people involved is not yet known, five burglars have been identified. One even said he used to work for the CIA. They were arrested at 2:30 a.m. trying to bug the offices of the Democratic National Committee at the Watergate hotel and office complex. The men have been identified as Bernard L. Barker - a realtor from Miami, Florida, Virgilio R. Gonzales - a locksmith from Miami, Florida, James W. McCord - a security coordinator for the Republican National Committee and the Committee for the Re-election of President Nixon, Eugenio R. Martinez - worked for Barker's Miami real estate firm and Frank A. Sturgis - another associate of Barker from Miami. Thanks to the quick thinking and reactions of the security guard on duty, Frank Willis, the trespassers were caught.Barker at the grounds at the Vermon t state fair, R...The trespassers were apparently trying to bug the phones in the building in order to listen in on the Democratic Party's conversations and discover their most important interests. President Nixon has not yet been linked with the break in but one of the other accused burglars, John Mitchell, is a GOP security aide. He is also former attorney general and head of the Nixon reelection campaign. He has denied any link to the operation. We can only hope that in the coming days, more information will be released and found and those guilty will be put to justice.

US National Debt essays

US National Debt essays "Spending financed not by current tax receipts, but by borrowing or drawing upon past tax reserves." Is it a good idea? Why does the U.S. run a deficit? Since 1980 the deficit has grown enormously. Some say it is a bad thing, and predict impending doom, others say it is a safe and stable necessity to maintain a healthy economy. For nearly 150 years the U.S. government managed to keep a balanced budget. The only time a budget deficit existed during these years was in times of war or other catastrophic events. For instance, the government created deficits during the War of 1812, the recession of 1837, the Civil War, the depression of the 1890s, and World War I. However, once each incident ended the deficit would be eliminated. The economy was much stronger than the accumulated debt and would therefore quickly absorb it. The last time the budget ran a surplus was in 1969 during Nixon's presidency. Budget deficits have grown larger and more frequent in the last half-century. In the 19 80s they soared to record levels. The government cut income tax rates, greatly increased defense spending, and didn't cut domestic spending enough to make up the difference. The deep recession of the early 1980s reduced revenues, raising the deficit and forcing the Government to spend much more on paying interest for the national debt at a time when interest rates were high. As a result, the national debt grew exponentially in size after 1980. It grew from $709 billion to $3.3 trillion in 1990, only one decade later. (See Table 1) Federal spending has grown over the years. If you compare actual dollars and their proportion to the economy (Gross Domestic Product, or GDP), much of it began in the 1930s. Beginning with the "New Deal", the Federal Government came to play a much larger role in American life. President Franklin D. Roosevelt sought to use the full powers of his office to end the Great Depression. He and Congress greatly expanded Federal prog...

Reflection ( R-Rent a car) buisness Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflection ( R-Rent a car) buisness - Essay Example After which a careful scan of competitors around Dubai must be thoroughly made so that I can have a full grasp of how it is to compete in a dense market. It was difficult since as a new entry in this business, other companies have already the advantage of having loyal customers. Nevertheless, I was able to successfully gather enough data that can give me a complete view of the car rental industry. This also meant being resourceful by tapping networks of friends, even relatives who knows someone from this kind of business. On the second week, I doubled my efforts to get primary sources for my data. This entailed doing interviews among two rent-a-car owners so I can have some idea for the marketing strategy. I also interviewed a driver so I can anticipate possible problems in operating this business. I fully realized that this business is not about cars, it’s about giving service which is why I incorporated â€Å"pleasure â€Å" in my tag line. The succeeding week, it was time to put up advertisement on different media and that was not quite easy for a newcomer. There were many phone calls to make just to canvass the price of such ads. Also, I was not familiar with sizes, dimension and design of paid ads. Indeed, the design of the website occupied also another week of the project since many considerations must be made in the B2C marketing. The four principles of marketing are the same but one must view the ad as a browser on the internet with very little attention span. The ad must immediately grasp the attention of the potential customer. There were many skills that I have learned in accomplishing this project. The first set of skills I have developed are soft skills in negotiating, problem-solving, listening, interacting with others, diffusing tension in an argument and even teaching. These skills were learned during my interaction with people in the industry as well as people in the media. The rent-a-car business depends

Very old man with enormous wings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Very old man with enormous wings - Essay Example Everyday life details of the story are elements of realism. The events of the story are set in some coastal village sometime. Unusual guest or visitor with the wings in Pelayo’s yard attracts many people who are willing to come and see the real angel. However, no one is quite sure that the old man is really an angel. The neighboring woman â€Å"who knew everything about life and death† claimed that the man was angel. Besides, his strange language and wings on his back were one more prove which lead to conclusion that he is an angel. The man does not wish or is not able to communicate or cooperate with people. Thus, the onlookers lose their interest to the old man with the wings soon. The angle does not meet expectation neither of town’s citizens nor the reader. The very first meeting with the old man and sight of his wings does not have a positive effect neither on Pelayo nor on his wife, Elisenda. Character of the old man of the story can be interpreted as a sym bol of a crippled and ugly old age as some people perceive it. The couple is not really happy with what they find in the mud of their yard: His huge buzzard wings, dirty and half-plucked, were forever entangled in the mud. They looked at him so long and so closely that Pelayo and Elisenda very soon overcame their surprise and in the end found him familiar (Marquez). They are surprised to see his wings. However, their interest and confusion does not last for too long. They take the man as if some injured animal and put him in hen’s coop. Furthermore, citizens of the town seem to be frustrated by angel’s lack of activity or almost motionless posture in the coop. the people who came to look at real flesh and blood angel feel frustrated and even aggressively because the angel does not meet their expectation. Their behavior towards the old man is cruel, unfair and impolite. The reader is also baffled by angels’ inactivity. Slowly people leave Pelayo’s yard, be cause they lose the interest in a strange old men. Rather, their attention is switched to another interesting creature which is Spider Woman. By that time, Pelayo and his wife Elisenda manage to get some money from the onlookers and get rich. However, after public interest is gone, the couple is not interested in the fallen angel either. Even though Marquez’s second title of this short story is A Tale for Children, issues that are raised by the author is this short story are not childish. The fist theme of the story is writer’s measurement of two opposite human feelings such as cruelty and compassion. Marquez sinfully present the degree of human cruelty towards those who are week and dependent. The negative attitude to the old man is exacerbated by his unusual look and strange language which is known to no one. Heartlessness of people from this story is striking: â€Å"the most merciful threw stones at him trying to get him to rise so they could see him standing†; or â€Å"they burned his side with an iron for branding steers, for he had been motionless for so many hours that they thought he was dead† (Marquez). Elisenda and Pelayo’s first plan was to set the old man on a raft with provisions and let him sail freely. Such an act is not the most merciful one, because leaving the old almost dieing man alone is rather pitiless. However, when the couple understands that they can profit from showcasing the fallen angel to the audience they chance their plan. When their child gets well, Elisenda and Pelay

A written opinion of your legal thoughts Movie Review

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Neanderthal Extinction Essay -- Anthropology Essays Paleontology Paper

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Tqm Final Project

ASSIGNMENT OF Total Quality Management Submitted To: Prof. Sajid Javaid Akbar Submitted By: M. Farhan Akhtar [Group Leader] Section: â€Å"D† Roll No: 835 B. Com (HONS), Semester: VI Topic: â€Å"Employee Involvement† HAILEY COLLEGE OF COMMERCE UNIVERSITY OF THE PUNJAB |Sr # |Group members |Roll No. |1 |Muhammad Salman nisar |818 | |2 |Muhammad Uzair Bin Nasir |822 | |3 |Adnan Javed |830 | |4 |Muhammad Farhan Akhtar |835 | | |[Group Leader] | | |5 |Khizer Ali |875 | To Whom It May Concern: We allowed the group, lead by Mr. Muhammad Farhan Akhtar, of Hailey College of Commerce, to conduct the research for their course, Total Quality Management, on the topic of Employee Involvement. Nasir Mahmood Director, Madina Builders. |Sr # |Table of Contents |Page No. |1 |Executive Sumary |09 | |2 |Research Proposal Overview |11 | |3 |Research project Overview |15 | |4 |Observation and Preliminary Data Gathering |18 | |5 |Problem Definition |19 | |6 |Theoretical Framework |20 | |7 |Relationship Between Variables |25 | |8 |Hypothesis |27 | |9 |Questionnaire Sample |29 | |10 |Analysis And Interpretation |30 | |11 |Deduction |33 | |12 |Reference |34 | Acknowledgement First I bow my head before Almighty Allah who has enable me to write on this assignment.. I am also indebted to my respected Instructor Prof. Sajid Javaid Akbar whose guidance encouraged me in writing this Project. I am also thankful to my friends who provided me the help and suggestions when and where needed. Dedication We dedicated our project To our respected Teacher â€Å"Prof. Sajid Javaid Akbar† Proposal For EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT while working at MADINA TRADERS (a Construction Company).Executive Summary The purpose of the research report is to ascertain the level of EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT while working at MADINA TRADERS (a Construction Company). That the company realizes that their employees are not as involved as they should be , so being a researcher we conduct some research on it . We design a questionnaire related to their problem to the target Employees and distribute this questionnaire to the Employees to get their feedback to solve the problem. If you want to retain your Employees, learn what their expectations are and do what you can to increase their motivation level, their commitment and making work a positive experience.Managers are worried about the increasing hesitation and changing attitude of Employees so, in order to know the Employees Involvement level and want to identify the factors which cause the changing commitment & motivation level. The purpose of our study is to know how to improve the Employees Involvement level and its commitment at MADINA TRADERS. So that the management makes good efforts to ensure availability of good services to the customer. So, the research team of 5 members having research educational background will be assigned to study the factors. The scientific research design and methodology will be adopted for designing, c ollecting and analyzing the data and the results will be proposed to managers helping them get their reputation back. Before starting the research the appropriate time and budget is projected and allocated to the research.The non-probability sampling technique is used to construct the sample from at MADINA TRADERS. The data is collected through a structured questionnaire and some of the unstructured questions. [pic] Problem Statement: The management’s concern about Employees Involvement while working at Madina Builders. Research Objective: The purpose of our study is to know how to improve the Employees Involvement level and its commitment while working at Madina Builders. So that the management makes good efforts to ensure availability of good services to the customer. Literature Review: There’s a lot of research had already been done on while working at Madina Builders. But not as such in Pakistan. Importance of study:We are concern to while working at Madina Builder s, regarding working at Madina Builders. Research Design: ? Purpose of study: `Descriptive Study ? Unit of Analysis: Individuals ? Time Dimension: Cross sectional study ? Mode of investigation: Casual ? Sampling Design: Non-Probability ? Extent of researcher interface: Full control ? Data collection method: Primary Ethical Requirements: A good Ethical conduct will be adopted while conducting research. So that no body either respondent, sponsor or the research team suffer adverse consequences from research activities. Nature and form of result: Result is given in the following forms: ? Graphs ? Charts ? Description ? Tables etc†¦ Qualification of researcher:B. Com (HONS) 6th Semester†¦ Engage in class study project. Budget: The following are the cost which spent on this project. Cost summary Travel cost500 Questionnaire development250 Printing cost200 Data entry150 Refreshment during Interviews400 Telephone200 Total cost1700/- Schedule of project: ? Meeting among research t eam members. ? Meeting between Research team and management. ? Interaction with subject/respondent. ? Filling of questionnaire ? Making Project Report Facilities and Special resources: We are expecting Coordination and corporation from the management of the Departmental Store. [pic][pic] Project Report On â€Å"EMPLOYEE INVOLVEMENT†Phases and task steps in Project Study Phase I: Determination of the information research problem. Task Step 1: Determine and clarify management’s information needs. Task Step 2: Redefine the management problem as a research problem. Task Step 3: Establish research objectives and determine the value of the information. Phase II: Development of the appropriate research design. Task Step 4: Determine and evaluate the research design and data sources. Task Step 5: Determine the sample plan and sample size. Task Step 6: Determine the measurement issues and scales. Phase III: Execution of the research design. Task Step 7: Collect and process data .Task Step 8: Analyze data. Task Step 9: Transform data structures into information. Phase IV: Communication of the results. Task Step 10: Prepare and present final report to management. Background Here we give the history and information of the company. The firm was established about Three years ago with a motive of flourishing and providing better emplacement opportunities to the people concerning this business and also to earn livelihood for us and for our employees. Principal of the company 1. Mr. Mahhmood Ghaznavi (DAE Civil) 2. Mr. Nasir Mahmood (CA finalist) Company Profile Name of Company Madina Builders Engineers, contractors& General order suppliersAddress Office No # 4, Forth floor, Zuhra Heights, Main Market, Gulberg, Lahore. List of Employees 1. B. Sc Civil Engineer2 2. B. Sc Mechanical Engineer1 3. Sub Engineer2 4. Quality Surveyor1 5. Work Supervisor3 6. Operator Cum Mechanic1 7. Skilled Labor6 8. Labor9 9. Plumber1 10. Electrician1 11. Peon2 12. Driver 2 13. Chokidar 3 Step 1: Observation The manager of the departmental store observes that customers are perhaps not as pleased as they used to be. The manager may not be certain that this is really the problem but may experience anxiety and some uneasiness that customer satisfaction is on the decline. Step 2: Preliminary data gatheringAs we study the manager’s observation we discover the undisguised structured, direct and non-participant observation. ? Employees qualify to be the participant of data collection. ? The management’s concern about Employees Involvement while working at Madina Builders (a Construction Company). ? We get Employees response at the work days because of the availability of majority of the Employees. ? Direct interaction with Employees through Questionnaires and interviews. ? The place of study is a Construction site. Purpose of preliminary data collection. Our purpose to collect preliminary to identify and solve the management problem. And to convert manageme nt problem into research problem.Sources of Data Collection: ? Questionnaire ? Interviews ? Observation ? Survey ? Internet ? Books ? Publications ? Journals Primary data collecting will help us to develop a theoretical framework and a testable hypothesis and to solve the problem with precision and clarity and ensure us that important variable is not left out from the study. So our efforts are not wasted on the already known things to the management. Step 3: Problem Definition â€Å"Decrease in Motivation and Employee Involvement level† Step 4: Theoretical Framework Introduction to EMPLOYEES INVOLVEMENT: Getting employees' ideas and getting their involvement is critical in our rapidly changing world.If your company is going to be competitive, it's mandatory to involve not just hands, but the ideas from everyone in your organization. by Gregory P. Smith Why is it important to capture ideas and suggestions? For starters, the process improves individual motivation and morale. In volvement programs help capture the creativity, energy, and ideas many people have. They also allow departments and individuals to work cross-functionally, and create an environment of learning and constant renewal. They improve work methods and processes continually, reduce the costs of doing business, improve safety, and reduce accidents. Exchanging ideas always improves communication and the knowledge that top management is open and willing to act on the ideas improves trust.Instead of passing untested ideas up the chain of command, the employee who originates an idea has responsibility for its achievement. They follow a three-step work process: ? Study it ? Pilot it ? Adopt it Idea Campaigns. Most suggestion programs fail. Suggestion boxes sit and collect dust and approved suggestions are few and far between. An effective variation to the suggestion program is the Idea Campaign. Over and done with in three weeks, this steroid-enriched campaign generates hundreds of ideas. The go al is to get at least one idea from everyone in the organization. For the first idea, each person receives a small token of appreciation such as a coffee cup.A second idea is acknowledged with another form of appreciation. At the end of each week, a special award ceremony recognizes everyone who turned in ideas or suggestions Suggestion System: ? An employee (associate) idea process openly invites ideas from individuals or groups in an organization. ? Each idea is treated with respect, fairly evaluated and every effort is made to work toward its timely closure, striving to implement every idea possible. ? Feedback and mentoring is invested with the participants so they can clearly define their ideas and the future ideas they develop. ? All people involved in the process are appropriately recognized and acknowledged for their efforts. A result of the process improves all aspects of the organization and is a rewarding experience for participants. Employee involvement in Total Quality Management Total Quality Management is one of the major â€Å"workplace change† programmes used in Britain, but few studies have addressed the effects on employees. New research evidence questions optimistic and pessimistic accounts, finding that TQM is widely welcomed but that it does not lead to â€Å"empowerment†, and that success depends on certain conditions, notably job security. Employee Involvement Analysis falls into two main types: ? optimistic texts, which often prescribe ways of implementing TQM and assume a welcome from employees; and ? ritical studies, which either (a) equate TQM with intensified managerial control under the pretence of â€Å"empowerment† or (b) accept that TQM can be effective, but argue that in practice poor implementation has undermined this promise. The critical studies often argue that TQM undermines the representative role of trade unions by strengthening direct links between employer and employee. (a) Employee views More tha n four-fifths of the sample of employees saw quality as the crucial issue for their organisations or as very important. Almost two-thirds felt that employees had a â€Å"great deal† or a â€Å"fair amount† of influence over quality, and over 70 per cent felt that their own involvement in problem-solving had increased. Five employees in six identified the presence of meetings designed for problem-solving.Of the sample, 72% felt that there had been an increase in communication activity recently. The most favourably evaluated method was team briefing, followed by informal communication with individual managers. It was direct, face-to-face, communication which employees most valued. Workers also reported more stress and higher levels of work effort. A key result was that reported levels of trust between management and worker were no higher than in organisations without TQM initiatives. (b) Management and worker expectations Many proponents of TQM claim that it â€Å"empow ers† workers. Critics equate it with work intensification and stress. The study finds that neither picture is accurate.Managements in the organisations studied did not use the language of empowerment and had more pragmatic goals. One manager summed this up: â€Å"empowerment is not a word used at local level; we can and do involve people more but we need to have constraints†. Workers reported higher effort levels, but most liked the pace at which they worked. Those who were working harder and who were most subject to the measurement of their performance were also the most likely to favour quality programmes. These programmes seem to promote a narrowly focused but real sense of discipline and purpose, rather than being a means to make workers work harder, the report concludes. c) Conditions for success Acceptance of TQM was greatest where several conditions prevailed. ? A strong sense of job security was a key element in encouraging acceptance of quality initiatives. ? T raining was important; it was not the overall amount which mattered, but the extent to which programmes were specifically linked to quality or teamwork. ? Cooperative relationships with employee representatives were an important element in easing the acceptance of TQM. All the case study firms were unionised, and it was found that firms which maintained working relationships with their unions were also the most likely to maintain their quality programmes effectively. Short-term pressures tended to undermine TQM initiatives. They were of two kinds: production pressures, which made it hard for quality activities to be maintained; and financial pressures, which could reduce the resources for and commitment to TQM. Do employee involvement and TQM programs work? The employee involvement literature emphasizes design of the work and business units for fuller business involvement and employee motivation. In addition, employee involvement emphasizes making the employee a stakeholder in busin ess performance There is a strong correlation between the adoption of employee involvement approaches and the use of TQM practices†¦The extent to which companies employ the core TQM practices, the production-oriented practices, collaboration with customers, and cost-of-quality monitoring all have a highly significant relationship to our measure of overall employee involvement use. The relationship to the development of knowledge and skills is particularly strong, demonstrating the strong emphasis in TQM programs on the development of skills. TQM's relationship to power sharing is also very strong, reflecting the focus in TQM on problem solving and decision making groups in general and on work cells and teams. The findings with respect to the combined impact of TQM and El are not unexpected: most TQM proponents advocate high levels of employee involvement as part of their TQM efforts.However, the findings do make a very important point: the impact of TQM programs that do not als o include El practices will be less positive both for employee outcomes and for performance outcomes. TQM Defined TQM is a management philosophy that seeks to integrate all organizational functions (marketing, finance, design, engineering, and production, customer service, etc. ) to focus on meeting customer needs and organizational objectives. TQM is the foundation for activities, which include: ? Commitment by senior management and all employees ? Meeting customer requirements ? Reducing development cycle times ? Just In Time/Demand Flow Manufacturing ? Improvement teams ? Reducing product and service costs ? Systems to facilitate improvement ? Line Management ownership ? Employee involvement and empowerment ? Recognition and celebration Challenging quantified goals and benchmarking ? Focus on processes / improvement plans ? Specific incorporation in strategic planning There are three major mechanisms of prevention: 1. Preventing mistakes (defects) from occurring 2. Where mistakes can't be absolutely prevented, detecting them early to prevent them being passed down the value added chain (Inspection at source or by the next operation). 3. Where mistakes recur, stopping production until the process can be corrected, to prevent the production of more defects. (Stop in time). Identify Variables At this step we identify the possible variables and elaborate the relationship among them.Then we describe the nature and direction of these variables. Identify variables: ? Wages ? Working place ? Working hours ? Management behavior ? employees participation Labeling: INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES Relation between Variables INDEPENDENT VARIABLES DEPENDENT VARIABLES Step 5: Generation of Hypothesis ? If wages are good than the Employee involvement will increase. ? If working place is good than the Employee involvement will increase. ? If working hours are suitable than the Employee involvement will increase. ? If management behavior is good than the Employee i nvolvement will increase. If employees are allowed to express their view than the Employee involvement will increase. Possible Outcomes: Possibility 1. ? If wages > than the > Employee involvement ? If working place > than the > Employee involvement ? If working hours < than the > Employee involvement ? If management behavior > than the > Employee involvement ? If employee participation > than the > Employee involvement Possibility 2: ? If wages < than the < Employee involvement ? If working place < than the < Employee involvement ? If working hours > than the < Employee involvement ? If management behavior < than the < Employee involvement If employee participation < than the < Employee involvement Step 6: Research Design As we know that decrease in Employee Involvement level is our current problem, so that’s why we design research in such a way that after conducting research we will able to identify, what the main causes of that particular problem. In this section we follow the following steps: Sample Selection In this we select the sample (to whom we are going to research). i-e number of person. Data collection We did test the questionnaire with a small sample of Employees using Construction site. The instruments submitted for design an effective questionnaire and then distributed as we can. QuestionnaireWe are conducting a research to know Employee’s Satisfaction level while working at Madina Builders. Q-1 Are You Happy With Behavior Of: Good Average Poor 1. Top Management 2. Colleagues Q-2 Facilities Provided By Company: Yes No Transport Medical Other Q-3 Are You happy With The Working Environment: YesNoNo opinion Q-4 Are Wages & Salaries Paid On Time : YesNoNo opinion Q-5 Working Hours Are In Accordance With The Labor Law: YesNoNo opinion Q-6 You Are Provided The Necessary Tools & Machinery For Work: Yes NO No opinion Q-7 Your Experience Of Working At Madina Builders : ExcellentGoodBad Q-8 Any improvement you want in Madina Builders? (Sugge stions) | Survey collected by: Step 7: Analysis and Interpretation DATA ANALYSES: We reviewed the questionnaire which return and make a weekly report listing Employees who were dissatisfied or who submit negative comments. We improved timeline in resolving Employees complaints each month we make a report consisting of frequencies and category percentages for each question. We proposed to include at least one question dealing with overall satisfaction. A performance grid will identify items need improvement with an evaluation of priority.Interpretation of data with the help of graphs: [pic] Employees are satisfied with the behavior of: [pic] Facilities Provided By Company: [pic] Employees are happy with the environment: [pic] Working Hours Are In Accordance With The Labor Law: |Variables: |% of | | |Persons | |Yes |71 | |No |20 | |No Opinion |9 | Figures in %age* Step 8: Deduction We all the group members worked with devotion to identify the variables that affect the sale. We worked in a team and experienced the quality of team building in us.Every member of us has done her work on the given time, which the team leader assigns to every member. In this time span in which we complete our project, there is a management in our whole session. For example, time management, self management, financial management etc. So from all above study there is a reason to believe that there are certain factors responsible for the specific problem upon which we are focused our research. We identified all factors and give suggestions in form of Hypothesis which contribute to bring back the desired Consumers Satisfaction level. Conclusions: TQM encoureges participation amongst shop floor workers and managers.There is no single theoretical formalization of total quality, but Deming, Juran and Ishikawa provide the core assumptions, as a â€Å"†¦ discipline and philosophy of management which institutionalizes planned and continuous†¦ improvement †¦ and assumes that qua lity is the outcome of all activities that take place within an organization; that all functions and all employees have to participate in the improvement process; that organizations need both quality systems and a quality culture. â€Å". â€Å"Quality programmes can†, the study says, â€Å"be seen as catalysts†, bringing out workers' willingness to take responsibility and providing a focus and rationale for efforts at involvement.But involvement remained within tight limits and there were several factors, notably insecurity and financial constraints, which could undercut the promise of quality programmes. â€Å"The challenge†, the study concludes, â€Å"is to maintain TQM in the face of external pressures†. References Websites: Employee Involvement (www. employeeinvolvement. com) Search Engine (www. google. com) Appendices ? Questionnaire ? Charts ? Graphs ? Tables [pic][pic] ———————– Participation Behavior Hours Employee Involvement Place ice Wages Participation Behavior Hours Employee Involvement Place Wages Determination of information research problem Execution of the research design Development of research design Communication of the results Phase II Phase I Phase III Phase IV