200 Report Card Comments

Taking a Look at Breast Cancer - 1758 Words

Introduction Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer-related death among females in the world. It is known for â€Å"have both a genetic and non-genetic etiology† (Milne et al., 2010). It involves a combination of several factors- such as â€Å"genetic, environmental and behavioral risk factors†- that are unique to each individual (Nickels et al., 2013). This type of cancer is represented by a malignant tumor manifested in breast cells such as the line duct and line lobules cells, just to name a few. Because there are different types of breast cancer, it is harder to create an effective treatment or therapy that would lower or prevent its death rates. Despite advances in technology but lack of monetary support, there is a higher prevalence in African countries (U.S. breast cancer statistics, 2013). It has been found that â€Å"two thirds of breast tumors express estrogen receptors† (Lopez-Tarruella Schiff, 2007). Because of this, growth factor receptor signaling and hormone therapies have been shown as promising treatments to prevent and/or to find a cure for this cancer. Causes There are a vast variety of risk factors that could lead to the development of breast cancer. Some of these could be aging, family history, genetic disorders, hormonal dysregulation, background, such as ethnic group, parity, body mass index (BMI), alcohol consumption, radiotherapy, among many others (Definite breast cancer risks, 2014). Nonetheless, the first five factors are demonstrated to be highlyShow MoreRelatedTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1760 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the Cancer Facts and Figures 2014 by the American Cancer Society, an estimated number of 232,670 women in the United States will be diagnosed with breast cancer, and about 2,360 new cases are expected in men. Breast cancer will possibly cause death to more than 40,000 female patients and 400 male patients in 2014. Excluding skin cancer, breast cancer is the most common cancer that American women are diagnosed with. Additionally, breast cancer ranks second in the most deadly cancers among womenRead MoreT aking a Look at Breast Cancer955 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is the second leading cause of death in women in the United States, after lung cancer. Every year, millions of women over the age of 40 go in for a routine mammogram to help prevent terminal breast cancer by early prognosis. While some very fortunate women will never actually be diagnosed with this cancer, they still undergo this medical test routinely. However, for every eight women there is one that will be diagnosed with some form of breast cancer in their life. It seems as thoughRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer1052 Words   |  4 PagesNearly one in eight women in the United States will develop breast cancer at some point in her or his life (Breast Cancer Health Center, 2014). I am sure that almost everyone has been affected by breast cancer in one way or another, whether they had it or know someone who has had it. My mom’s aunt had breast cancer, as did my dad’s mother. My great-au nt luckily caught it early on and had it taken care of. Unfortunately, my grandmother caught it too late; it had spread all over her body and eventuallyRead MoreTaking a Look at Breast Cancer718 Words   |  3 Pagesasked her sister what was wrong. Elaine tried to ignore it and changed the subject. But Tina was worried and took her to the emergency room where the E.R. doctor diagnosed her with Stage 4 breast cancer. Since Elaine rarely went to doctors or got any checkups, she suffered from a late detection of breast cancer due to her fear of doctors. While visiting my family in New York for winter vacation 2011, I noticed that Elaine’s weight was dropping and her clothes were not as secure as they once were.Read MoreTaking a Look for Breast Cancer1083 Words   |  4 Pagesdiagnose for breast cancer is a regular self-check for changes in the chest or breast area. On finding a lump or cyst under the skin, it is ideal to visit a GP for confirmation although; most lumps or cys ts are normal or non-cancerous. On confirmation of the presence of breast cancer, a patient would be further examined to find out the stage of cancer and what treatments would be ideal for them. This further testing includes a variety of techniques used to scan a suspected breast cancer such as MammogramRead MoreBreast Cancer : A Serious Condition1553 Words   |  7 PagesDestiny Myers BBH 411W.004 Prof. Gyekis 2/18/16 Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a serious condition and takes many people s lives each and every year. It accounts for at least 18.2% of cancer deaths worldwide.1 In society today, women are more focused on what appeals to men, rather than worrying about their own health. â€Å"If only women paid as much attention to their breast as men do† is promoted by National Breast Cancer Foundation. 2 The message that I took from this PSA is the notion that womenRead MoreBreast Cancer; Saving the Girls 959 Words   |  4 PagesBreast cancer is the second most prominent cause of cancer deaths in women. About 1 in 8 American women living in the U.S. will be diagnosed with invasive breast cancer sometime during the course of their life. About 39,620 of those women will die from it. â€Å"Breast cancer occurs when cells in the breast divide and grow without their normal control† (Komen). There are two main types of breast cancer. Ductal carcinoma, the most common type which starts in the tubes that transport milk from the breastRead MoreBreast Cancer Prevention and Education Essay1695 Words   |  7 PagesAccording to the American Cancer Society, â€Å"Breast cancer is the common disease of women in the United States, other than skin cancer.† After lung cancer, it is the leading secondary cause of cancer death in women. It helps to have some basic facts about the normal makeup of the breasts to understand breast cancer. In the past, this disease was one of the most feared forms of cancer due to its fatality rate and because complete recovery often required breast removal. The best way to fight this diseaseRead MoreThe Significance Of Breast Cancer1022 Words   |  5 PagesThe Importance of Breast Cancer Breast cancer is a serious disease that takes place in the cells of the breast. It is detected in many things, such as finding a lump or a change in how the breast looks. It is important to know how breast cancer works and the many parts that contribute to the knowledge of the disease. Famous actress Angelina Jolie brought breast cancer into the spotlight when she decided to get a double mastectomy. In the article â€Å"The Angelina Effect† that came from Times magazineRead MoreBreast Cancer That Develops From Breast Tissue Essay1049 Words   |  5 PagesBreast cancer that develops from breast tissue. Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, fluid coming from the nipple, or a red scaly patch of skin. In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain, swollen lymph nodes, shortness of breath, or yellow skin. Risk factors for developing breast cancer include: female sex, obesity, lack of physical exercise, drinking alcohol, hormone replacement therapy during menopause

Distributed Leadership - 4312 Words

Leadership Competencies: Are we all saying the same thing? Jeffrey D. Horey Caliber Associates 49 Yawl Dr. Cocoa Beach, FL 32931 horeyj@calib.com Jon J. Fallesen, Ph.D. Army Research Institute Ft. Leavenworth, KS jon.fallesen@leavenworth.army.mil In the course of developing an Army leadership competency framework focused on the Future Force (up to year 2025), the authors examined several existing U.S. military and civilian leadership competency frameworks. We attempt to link the core constructs across the frameworks and identify similarities and differences in terms of their content and structures. We conclude that leadership competency modeling is an inexact science and that many frameworks present competencies that mix functions and†¦show more content†¦Employees want information about what they are required to do (or confirmation of what they think they are supposed to do) in their jobs or positions. The operative word here is ‘do’. They typically do not want to know what they are supposed to ‘be’. This simple representation of leadership requirements helps us establish a context for evaluating leadership competencies and frameworks/models. Those that are stated only as traits, characteri stics, or in attribute terms are, in our estimation, less valuable than those that are stated in task, function, and behavioral terms. However, models that address both aspects of leadership may prove to be more valuable to more individuals. The purpose in establishing competencies for leaders should be to better define what functions leaders must perform to make themselves and others in their organizations effective. Many competency definitions include reference to clusters of knowledges, skills, abilities, and traits that lead to successful performance (Newsome, Catano, Day, 2003). Yet competency labels are typically expressed in either process or functional terms. This can lead to confusion as to what competencies actually represent for leadership and organizations. Competency frameworks or models should serve as the roadmap to individual and organizational leader success. The value of competenciesShow MoreRelatedDistributed Leadership For Learning And Teaching1362 Words   |  6 PagesTraditionally, leadership had been thought of as a single person that leads or directs a groups or many groups as described in Peter Gronn s article Distributed Leadership as a unit of analysis.† However, according to Gronn, thi s conventional form of thinking, where one person or unit rules all (â€Å"leadership is basically doing what the leader wants done†) is faulty and ultimately leads to a counterproductive performance from the group as a whole, since everything falls upon one level of responsibilityRead MoreElements Of Effective Distributed Leadership2044 Words   |  9 Pagestheir understanding and confidence, which was made reference to in most interviews. (Reflective journal, 3rd June 2014). Elements of effective distributed leadership. When practitioners were asked about their views on the distributed leadership within the setting there were a number of elements that they believe attributed to the distributed leadership. All spoke of the wealth of experience and knowledge. Practitioner two noted the flexibility of practitioner s learning and development .Read MoreAn Analysis Of Peter Gronn s Article Distributed Leadership As A Unit Of Analysis1387 Words   |  6 PagesConventionally, leadership had been long assumed to be thought of the following of a group or many a groups under a single leader, as described in Peter Gronn s article Distributed Leadership as a unit of analysis.† However, according to Gronn, this traditional form of thinking where one person or unit rules all (â€Å"leadership is basically doing what the leader wants done†) is faulty and ultimately leads to a counterproductive performance from the group as a whole, as everything falls upon one layerRead MoreApplication Of Smart Meter For Indian Domestic Consumers3366 Words   |  14 PagesAMIR- Advance Meter Infra Structure for Residential consumers AMII- Advance Meter Infra Structure for Industrial consumers OM- Outage Management PLM- Peak Load Management PQM- Power Quality Management MG- Micro-Grid DG- Distributed Generation In India, the coal is a prime entity used for electricity generation almost 55% of electricity is generated using coal as shown in fig. 2 [4]. Hydro generates the 20% of the total electricity. To reduce the coal shares in a generationRead MoreP5 use IT to aid communication1131 Words   |  5 PagesUnderstanding MTS Transactions Microsoft Transaction Server (MTS) enables you to easily use, monitor, and administer distributed transactions in your applications. A distributed transaction is a transaction involving updates to transaction-protected resources on more than one system. The MTS transaction manager, Microsoft Distributed Transaction Coordinator, provides a distributed transaction facility for Windows NT and Windows 95 systems. MS DTC also makes it possible to update two or more transaction-protectedRead MoreLeadership Characteristics Of High Performing Schools830 Words   |  4 PagesDistributed Leadership Clearly, administrators and teachers must work as a team for substantive changes in teaching and learning to occur. One theoretical construct that supports the sharing of leadership constructs among all school stakeholders is the idea of distributed leadership (Spillane, 2006). Spillane, Halverson, and Diamond (2001) in their research funded by the National Science Foundation to determine the leadership characteristics of high-performing schools, discovered that the mostRead MoreThe Difference Between Lmx And Distributive Leadership Theory1348 Words   |  6 PagesComparison of LMX and Distributive Leadership Leader-member exchange (LMX) theory, and distributive leadership theory are new leadership theories. LMX focuses on the relationship of the leader and the follower and how this impacts individual and organizational performance (Duncan Herrera, 2014). Distributive leadership theory promoted sharing leadership across teams and locations by driving cross-functional alignment to common organizational strategy and goals (Jones, Lefoe, Harvey, RylandRead MoreLeadership And Management Of The Early Years Context1330 Words   |  6 PagesLeadership and management in the early years context. In early years education there has been an increase in government spending and extensive changes through children s centres programmes and Sure Start. This has led to increased pressure and accountability to provide and achieve excellent childcare provision (Lindon and Lindon, 2012). Many within the literature express the view that good leadership is critical to the quality of the provision. Up until recently, leadership in the early yearsRead MoreThe Instructional Leaders Use of Distributive Leadership and Best Practices733 Words   |  3 PagesThe Instructional Leader’s Use of Distributive Leadership and Best Practices Distributed leadership can be defined and implemented in many ways. In order to explore the impact of shared leadership within a school system, a clear definition needs to be established. Items such as guidelines for determining who and how long a person would serve in a leadership position should be set and communication and accountability procedures to the principal should be clearly outlined and monitored. This paperRead MoreThe Role Of Leadership As A Leader Centric Or Individual Level Phenomenon1499 Words   |  6 PagesThe conceptualization of leadership as a leader-centric or individual level phenomenon has long been dominant in both research and practice (Friedrich et al. 2009). As organizations have taken on more complex structures in response to the speed of operational, strategic and technological change, the limitations of top-down models of leadership are increasingly apparent (Thorpe et al. 2011). In response, there has been significant advancement in research on a number of different constructs that

Social Reasons For The Civil War - 1348 Words

The civil war was mainly sparked by tensions between the north and the south. Both sides rarely agreed on topics and could never make a compromise. Slavery was a big reason for the start of the civil war, but the causes don’t end there. Although some may say that political or economic reasons started the civil war between the north and the south, political reasons were the real cause. This is because of important decisions made by the government, and the south seceding. Some believe that social reasons were the cause of the civil war. One of the main social issues was between whites and blacks, and writer James Loewen explains: â€Å"...most white Southerners-and many Northerners, too-could not envisions life in black-majority states such as South carolina and Mississippi unless blacks were in chains. Georgia Supreme Court Justice Henry Benning, trying to persuade the Virginia Legislature to leave the Union, predicted race war if slavery was not protected.† (57-60 Five Myths). This means that most of the white settlers were uncomfortable with the blacks to begin with. Just as time went on, their views changed. It may be true that changing views on slavery created tensions, however, the views being changed was due to the government which had created political parties that separated the north and south with their beliefs on slavery. The south was a plantation based region. The main group of people there were farmers but not all were wealthy. In 1860, many subsistence farmersShow MoreRelatedWhy the North Won the Civil War by David Donald: Reflection on the economic, military, diplomatic, political, and social reasons the South lost.1314 Words   |  6 PagesWhy the North Won the Civil War Historians have argued inconclusively for years over the prime reason for Confederate defeat in the Civil War. The book Why the North Won the Civil War outlines five of the most agreed upon causes of Southern defeat, each written by a highly esteemed American historian. The author of each essay does acknowledge and discuss the views of the other authors. However, each author also goes on to explain their botheration and disagreement with their opposition. The purposeRead MoreThe American Civil War981 Words   |  4 PagesThe American Civil War was one of the major events in history that helped develop America to what it is today. Many people think that the American Civil War was fought over the issue of slavery alone, but in reality it was caused by many disagreements and events between the northern free states and southern slave states that occurred prior to the war. Monetary alterations were one of the main reasons the North and South had many conflicts and differences in beliefs. The Civil War was an inevitableRead MoreWas The Civil War Really About Slavery?1467 Words   |  6 PagesHistory 11 27 October 2015 Was The Civil War Really about Slavery? Was the Civil War really about slavery? Often, there is conflict surrounding the Civil War and why it was fought. Overwhelmingly, most people believe the motive for The Civil War was slavery. However, Many Historians argue that other factors must have superseded the cause of the Civil War: factors including states rights, economic differences between Northern and Southern States, and social reputation. The belief that SouthernRead MoreThe Second American Revolution891 Words   |  4 PagesThe Second American Revolution Thesis Statement â€Å"The Civil War may also be termed as the second American Revolution in terms of the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the war† Introduction American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. The war began because President Abraham Lincoln, elected in 1860, was very persistent on preserving the Union, which was threatened by the issue of slavery. The North was growing rapidly in wealth and population, and it was clear toRead MoreWas The Civil War Really About Slavery?1511 Words   |  7 Pages History 11 27 October 2015 Was The Civil War Really about Slavery? Was the Civil War really about slavery? Often, there is conflict surrounding the Civil War and why it was fought. Overwhelmingly, most people believe the motive for The Civil War was slavery. However, Many Historians argue that other factors must have superseded the cause of the Civil War: factors including states rights, economic differences between Northern and Southern States, and social reputation. The belief that the SouthernRead MoreThe Second American Revolution901 Words   |  4 PagesThe Second American Revolution Thesis Statement â€Å"The Civil War may also be termed as the second American Revolution in terms of the political, social and economic changes that occurred during the war† Introduction American Civil War was fought between 1861 and 1865. The war began because President Abraham Lincoln, elected in 1860, was very persistent on preserving the Union, which was threatened by the issue of slavery. The North was growing rapidly in wealth and population, and it was clearRead MoreThe Struggle Of The Russian Civil War1707 Words   |  7 PagesRussian Civil War On October, 1917, the Bolshevik party overthrew the Russian government and arrested him. They take control over Russia. From there, things start to not go really well because of the Bolsheviks policies. A chaos starts to begin a lot of people weren’t happy. The economy was bad, there was a great inflation. Also, they were having a lot of enemies. All these people who hated them start to come together and they formed a group which called the Whites. From there, the civil war startsRead MoreA War Does Not Require Weapons1567 Words   |  7 Pages4C 7/July 2015 A War does not Require Weapons In between the timeline of World War One and World War Two, political leaders, states, and nations were fighting against each other with and without the usage of weapons. The ideology of great philosophers, and raising leaders, such as: Herbert Spencer, Leon Trotsky, Joseph Stalin, Great Britain, and Russia brought civil wars and battles during the small timeframe between world wars. Before we go into depth on the one 30-year war, we begin with theRead MoreThe American Civil War : Three Perspectives1629 Words   |  7 Pages The American Civil War: Three Perspectives Jason M. Russell Reedley College History 11 â€Æ' Introduction The analysis of how the Southern States lost the Civil War is based on three articles, each with a different perspective. According to Died of Democracy by David Donald, the Confederates were defeated because of internal challenges facing the 11 Sothern States seeking independence. Some of the challenges facing the Confederate States of America included a predominantly agricultural economy andRead MoreThe Civil War1295 Words   |  6 PagesIt is quite obvious that there were many goals to achieve during the Civil War. But discovering the true meaning and vision of the Civil War is the concept that is still researched today by the people of America. In the prologue of Blight’s Race and Reunion he states: (Three overall visions of the Civil War memory collided and combined over time: one, the reconciliationist vision †¦ two, the white supremacist vision †¦ and three, the emancipationist vision†¦) All three of these visions are extremely

Legislation And Legislative Change In Australia - 1122 Words

Legislation and legislative change in Australia has sought over the years to both define the roles of women under the law and amend laws to ensure that gender inclusive redress occurs in the area of marriage and long-term relationships. The Matrimonial Causes Act 1857, passed in the United Kingdom, attempted to reform the law on divorce and marriage, however in that Act it explicitly granted men an easier route to divorce than women. The colonies at that time were invited to also pass this legislation. In response to the demand for radical reform to family law legislation and the unequal gender balance that has been present for many years in Australia, the Whitlam Government made major changes to marriage law in passing the Family Law†¦show more content†¦Another way the Act empowered and protected the rights of women is by placing value on the homemaker and parenting contribution to a relationship. The reforms represented a major win for feminism as they promised to allo w women to escape from violent, adulterous or otherwise unsuitable marriages and to enter society with autonomy and equality. The Family Law Act 1975 also defined a de facto relationship in Section 4AA as the law requires that you and your former partner, who may be of the same or opposite sex, had a relationship as a couple living together on a genuine domestic basis. However, your relationship is not a de facto relationship if you were legally married to one another or if you are related by family. Significant amendments to the Family Law Act 1975, affecting both married and non-married couples, were effected by the Family Law Amendment (De Facto Financial and other measures) Act 2008 (â€Å"the De Facto Act†). The legislation is gender-neutral and this enabled separating couples who were in a de facto relationship to acquire the same rights and liabilities as those of married couples with regard to property settlements. Even though the government hasn’t as yet per mitted marriage for same sex couples, they do qualify for the laws surrounding de facto relationships. As deShow MoreRelatedThe Main Features Of English Legal System1403 Words   |  6 PagesTo begin with, during the 19th century Great Britain was considered as one of the largest Empire in the world. Along with their historical superiority they also created a fundamental legislative mechanism. The British legal system has been built up very gradually and spread to other countries over the centuries. Inevitably the influence of their legal systems was bound to have some effect on their colonies. This essay will first describe the features of English legal system which is mainly derivedRead MoreThe Court Hierarchy Of Australia1305 Words   |  6 Pagescourts within the court hierarchy of Australia. With reference to contemporary cases and your knowledge of the legal system, comment on the effectiveness of the legal system. - The legal system in Australia is based on the British legal system, which was brought over when Australia was colonised by England in 1788. In common with other countries that derive their legal and political system from England – such as Canada, India and New Zealand – Australia has three arms of government; the LegislatureRead MoreEffects of the Draft Bill under Current Relevant and Statutory Law1104 Words   |  4 Pagesintention appears with reasonable certainty, to be understood as applying to facts or events that have already occurred †¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢2 However, unlike other countries (the US, Sweden) the Australian Constitution does not prohibit retrospective legislation. Legislation in Australia can be enacted ‘ex post facto’. Importantly, under the Australian Constitution it is the federal government that can make laws in relation to issues such as Immigration. Although the common law does not like retrospectivityRead MoreThe Current Law Regarding Teacher s Liability For Personal Injury1260 Words   |  6 Pagesliability for personal injury is effective in placing responsibility on the state and away from the teacher. This is reflected through the Public Service and Other Legislation (Civil Liability) Amendment Bill 2013 (QLD) which amended the Public Service Act 2008 (QLD) as well as other legislation. The aim of the amendments is to provide ‘legislative immunity against civil liability.Liability will instead lie with the state.’ The Queensland government’s clear intention for this amendment was ‘not aboutRead MoreModern Law in Australia Essay1669 Words   |  7 Pagesthere are many different categories and sub categories of law. In modern day Australia, the legal system has been modelled after the English system. This is a combination of statute and common law. Australia adopted these laws from England upon c olonisation, when Captain Phillip declared the land ‘terra nullius’ claiming it under England. Despite, the fact that both common and statue law are enacted in parallel within Australia, they are quite different. Common law and statute law are both made and changedRead MoreThe Constitutional And Statutory Bills Of Rights1626 Words   |  7 PagesINTERPRETATION In the article, Professor Hilary Charlesworth advocates Australia adopting a formal bill of rights – a statutory one rather than a constitutional one. Charlesworth identifies the three main opposing arguments to an Australian bill of rights including that our current democracy is effective, the possibility of lawyers manipulating a bill of rights to their own advantage and finally that it would be antagonistic to the Australian democratic system. The rest of the Professor’s argumentRead MoreThe Rule Of Law And Its Effect On Society1684 Words   |  7 Pagesrespectively, this is due to section 109 of the Constitution. The Commonwealth Parliament is also granted a small number of exclusive legislative powers by the Constitution. This allows the Commonwealth to make laws regarding federal departments. The powers of the States are not established in the text of the Constitution. However, the States till have the power to legislative with respect to any matter other than those, which the Commonwealth has exclusive power over. Again, under section 109, State lawsRead MoreAmerican And Australian Federalism : Similarities Between The Us And Australia s Federalist System1707 Words   |  7 Pagesthat similarities. Some of the main differences are that the US is a republic, while Australia is a constitutional monarchy, and the US head of state is the President while Australia’s is the Queen. The similarities between the US and Australia’s federalist system and are many. One similarity is the written constitution. The two constitutions describe the roles and responsibilities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches. Both constitutions can also be amended. There are also similaritiesRead MoreImportance Of Copyright Laws On The Globalized And Digital Era1563 Words   |  7 Pagescopyright infringement and fair usage of works, and obtaining copyright protection as underlying issues that determine copyright ownership and use. PART 2 Two legislative requirements governing copyright included the fixed aspect of works, which implies that the work must have a tangible form of expression (Caenegem, 2010).The second legislative requirement is originality of creation. This implies that the creator of the work needs to demonstrate that work is not a copyright or a redesign of anotherRead MoreThe Human Rights Of Australia1445 Words   |  6 PagesCountries such as Australia and People’s Republic of China owe a duty to their citizens to uphold basic human rights outlined in such treaties as International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights 1976 (United Nations,1948) and the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 1987. Article 2 of the treaty has been accepted by Australia and China which states that each State party should take legislative, administrative and judicial measures to prevent

Strategic Management of University Business Incubators

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management of University Business Incubators. Answer: Introduction: Strategic human resource management (SHRM) reflects the practices that align business strategies with the HR practices to achieve strategic goals and objectives of the organization (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). SHRM plays a significant role in performing all the organizational activities in an appropriate manner. It also allows organizations to utilize internal strengths and weaknesses for countering external threats and opportunities in an effective manner. Now, higher educational sector has also faced several changes in the process over the years. International competition, technology advancement, innovation and globalization have provided higher education sector the opportunity to provide effective educational services to the global student. In the essay, the focus will be on highlighting the significance of HRM functions on an India based university namely Lovely Professional University (LPU). Ashok Mittal established the focus university in 2005 with the objective of becoming one of the best educational institutes in the country. It is semi-residential university developed under the Punjab State University Act. Presently, Lovely Professional University offers around 200 courses or programme for graduate, undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral level students. More than 30,000 students become graduates from Lovely Professional University every year (lpu.in 2017). LPU also provides distance education facilities for including maximum number of students. For that reason, it has become essential for LPU to maintain appropriate administration within the university to fulfil all the responsibilities in an effective manner. The essay will include discussion about the external environment to highlight the significance of HRM model within the educational university. The essay would also include in-depth information about the several HR functions for creating positive impact on the external environmental condition. External environmental factors in Jackson and Schulers HRM model: Jackson and Schulers HRM model has highlighted the fact that a variety of macro-environmental factors that can have impact on the HRM policies, practices and philosophies. LPU has emerged as one of the prime university in Indian economy over the past few years. As a result, it is expected that all the external environmental factors is likely to have major impact on the policies and procedures initiated by the HR management. Firstly, Jackson and Schulers HRM model has mentioned changes in the international economy on the HR practices (Wright, Coff and Moliterno 2014). In the present time, international economy is fluctuating in a significant manner. It has created direct impact on the foreign exchange rate of the organizations. Therefore, it has also affected the overall profit level of LPU over the past few years. Moreover, continues growth in the foreign economy would also create impact on the wage rate or salary level of the employees. Therefore, it would increase the bargaining po wer of the employees working in the LPU. On the contrary, it will also induce management to set specific rules at the time of setting education fees for foreign and domestic students. Secondly, Jackson and Schulers HRM model have mentioned changes in technology would also create major impact on the physical and mental health of the employees. Moreover, changes in technology would also provide the opportunity to LPU to develop proper substructure within the workplace (Paill et al. 2014). In addition, it would also allow management of LPU to maintain effective coordination among different departments. Therefore, it would help to perform all the organizational responsibilities in an effective manner. Now, changes in technology also require specific skills and knowledge from the employees (Cooke, Saini and Wang 2014). Therefore, it would increase the need of providing training and development facilities within the university. In addition, technological advancement would increase the revenue level of the organization in a major way. As a result, HR management of LPU will have to focus on providing performance appraisal and other additional facilities for maintaining pr oper atmosphere. Thirdly, Jackson and Schulers HRM model has also highlighted that national culture and traditions can affect the HRM activities in terms of transferring national characteristics to the business life. HR management of LPU also have to assess the kind of impact local cultures are creating on the operational activities. Ployhart et al. (2014) have mentioned the fact that LPU management has to consider myths, rituals, values, expectations and occasion of the local society for developing proper HR strategies. Fourthly, Jackson and Schulers HRM model have highlighted industry characteristics, as it can have major impact on policies and procedures. Educational sector creates its own type of HRM system. For instance, all the organizations dealing in the educational sector is more sensitive towards the needs of the human resources. Moreover, education industry is very much dependent on the skills, abilities of the human resources (Paill et al. 2014). Therefore, HR strategy will have to focus on the retaining of the customers for longer period of time. Fifthly, legislative rules and regulations is another prime factor that Jackson and Schulers HRM model has mentioned can induce LPU to navigate different HR strategy. Analysis of the external operating factors in Jackson and Schulers HRM model: External environmental factors of the organization can have major impact on the functionality of the organization. For that reason, it has become essential for the LPU to initiate different adjustment for creating maximum impact on the operational procedure. Firstly, LPU needs to focus on students for providing educational facilities to as much as possible (Obeidat and Abdallah 2014). As the competition level in the Indian educational structure is increasing, it will have to focus on initiating effective marketing strategies for grabbing the attention of the customers. For that reason, LPU not only have to invest huge amount for marketing activities but also have to recruit people with specific knowledge and skills. It has been assessed that HR management of LPU need to take additional responsibilities of including best talent in the market. On the other hand, government regulations are another prime factor that can have major impact on the external operating procedure of LPU. Specifically, as LPU is looking to encourage foreign students to complete their study from the university, government rules and regulations will provide effective guidelines for the university. For instance, HR management of LPU will have to focus on understanding foreign procedure of providing education to ensure all the foreign students can adjust with the provided environment. Moreover, HR management will have to focus on providing proper diversity management atmosphere for fulfilling all the needs in an effective manner. As per the article by Collings (2014), maintenance of healthy relationship among the students is prime responsibilities of the HR management. For that reason, it will have to focus on developing different strategies like functions and induction programs for both students and office staffs in order to handle diversity in an appropriate manner. Economical condition is another prime external factor that can have major impact on the revenue level of universities. Specifically, as the cost required for completing higher education is increasing on continues basis, it require high and stable income from majority of the people (Andries and Czarnitzki 2014). Now, economic growth will increase the per capita income and spending nature of the people. Therefore, it will induce more people to complete their higher education on a regular basis. Inclusion of huge number of students will also create challenges for the HR management of LPU to develop effective strategies for maintaining desired condition of the operational process. In addition, increasing competition in the educational sector in India has also created challenges for the universities to include required amount of students per year. As a result, it has influenced LPU to focus on direct marketing and other promotional activities. It has been assessed that LPU has focus on ut ilizing advertisement for television, radio and newspaper for increasing popularity in the market, which is a relatively new trend for the educational universities (Gifford and Nilsson 2014). However, utilization of effective marketing strategies requires individuals with specific skills and knowledge. For that reason, HR management of LPU will have to make some adjustments in the recruitment and other operational activities for fulfilling all the provided responsibilities in an appropriate manner. Different functions of HR: In the present competitive educational sector, HR management needs to perform several activities for ensuring fulfilment of all the needs of the operational process in an effective manner. For that reason, utilization of all the HR functions is essential to achieve all the aims and objectives in an appropriate way. Now, HR functions firstly focuses on developing long-term and short-term plan in order to ensure that the organizations do not have to face any challenges in performing all the requirements of the operational process (Khanna, Jones and Boivie 2014). Now, overall success of higher educational sector heavily depends on the kind of individuals it has for performing all the necessary operational activities. Therefore, HR management of LPU will have to focus on developing plans for resourcing employees with superior skills and knowledge. It will induce HR of LPU to utilize various types of resourcing strategies for including individuals with best knowledge and skills available in the market. Moreover, HR management of LPU will also have to focus on developing strategies to retain the present human resources for longer period of time (Lippert and Govindarajulu 2015). For that reason, it will have to focus on utilizing effective performance measurement techniques, which will help to provide appropriate and timely appraisals. In addition, it will also induce HR management to focus on providing some additional benefits to keep the satisfaction level of the employees in an effective way. As per the article by Woodrow and Guest (2014) recruitment and selection is among the prime activities that HR management will have to perform for ensuring continues growth in the market. Now, LPU requires both skilled and non-skilled staffs for performing all the activities related to operational process. For that reason, it will induce HR management of LPU to focus on variety of recruitment strategy based on needs and wants of the university. For instance, in case of recruiting any professor, HR management of LPU will have to focus on assessing the educational and job experience of those personnel. Moreover, HR management will have to focus on conducting several tests to ensure that the best possible talent is selected from the market. However, in case of non-skilled staffs, HR management needs to focus on using very simple technique, which would consume lesser amount of time. Providing proper training and development to the employees is another important HR functions. In the present educational structure, introduction of advance technologies and changes in the educational procedure have increased the significance of providing training to the employees working in the higher educational structure (Jiang and Liu 2015). Therefore, HR management will have to focus on identifying the training needs of each individuals working in the university. HR management of LPU will also have to identify the prime area of challenges that can have major impact on the effectiveness of the operational process. Moreover, HR functions of LPU will also have to focus on assessing the provided remuneration and rewards to all the employees. For that reason, it will have to focus on analyzing the kind of benefits other universities are offerings. As a result, it will ensure LPU to develop effective counter strategies for covering all aspect of the employee benefit aspect. It has been assessed that remuneration and rewards can have maximum impact on the motivational level of the employees (Hauff, Alewell and Hansen 2014). Therefore, it can actually affect the effectiveness of the operational process, which can have major impact on the future of all the students associated with the university. Development of employee relation is another key function of HR that can have huge impact on the internal environment at the workplace. It has been assessed that employee relation can allow organizations to avoid several types of conflicting situations in an appropriate way. Therefore, it helps to create strong interpersonal bonding among each other. For that reason, HR management of LPU will have to focus on utilizing different employee engagement program apart from the daily work schedule. It will ensure that all the employees working in LPU can understand each other perspective in a better way. As a result, it will also help LPU to develop strong communicational network within the workplace, which is critical for maintaining success in this competitive market. Impact of external factors on HR functions: As mentioned by Bauer and Matzler (2014) external factors create huge amount of impact on the way all the HR functions are performed within the workplace. Firstly, changes in the international economy will induce HR management of LPU to focus on assessing the value of currency in the international market. It has been assessed that fluctuating nature of foreign exchange often creates mistake for the HR management in setting up fees structure for international students. Moreover, continues economical growth in international market would influence HR of LPU to provide higher salaries and other benefits to attract any foreign individual to accept the job opportunity available in the university. Thus, it will create impact on the remuneration and reward strategies of the organization. On the other hand, technological changes or acceptance of advance technologies with the educational sector will induce LPU to focus on providing proper training and development facilities for maximizing the utility of available resources (Somsuk and Laosirihongthong 2014). Moreover, it has been assessed that technological advancement has allowed LPU to utilize e-learning techniques, where a professor can take his class from some other countries through the video conference and other facilities. Therefore, HR management of LPU will have to ensure that these types of employees receive all the required benefits in an effective way. For that reason, HR management will have to focus on utilizing different types of payment method, which will ensure all the employees receive their salaries within the given timeframe. Conversely, economys culture and values also creates major impact on the HR functions, as it induce to implement different types of strategies for fulfilling all the requirements (Birasnav 2014). For instance, HR management of LPU will have to develop holiday list as per the festivals and other occasions in India. At the same time, it will have to be flexible enough to provide additional facilities regarding leaves or holidays to the foreign students so that it can cover all aspect of the operational process. Industry characteristics also create major impact on the way HR activities are performed within the higher educational framework (Al Ariss, Cascio and Paauwe 2014). For instance, it induces LPU to provide higher pay structure for all the employees. Moreover, it will also induce HR management to be extremely strict at the time of selecting or recruiting any individual, as any compromise in the recruitment process can have major impact on the future of the students. Conclusion: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that effective evaluation of all the external factors is essential for performing all the HR functions in an appropriate manner. It has also established the fact that external factors can actually induce HR management to make huge adjustments in the initiated strategies for creating desired impact at the workplace. It has been assessed that appropriate use of HR functions has become essential for LPU to perform all the activities associated with the operational process in an appropriate manner. References: Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/45139710/talent_management.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1490941000Signature=BpKGabD%2BJStgqIKQAfvhKG4mcNo%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DTalent_management_Current_theories_and_f.pdf Andries, P. and Czarnitzki, D., 2014. Small firm innovation performance and employee involvement.Small Business Economics,43(1), pp.21-38. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/56013/1/688587070.pdf Bauer, F. and Matzler, K., 2014. Antecedents of MA success: The role of strategic complementarity, cultural fit, and degree and speed of integration.Strategic management journal,35(2), pp.269-291. https://www.rcmewhu.com/upload/file/20150525/20150525205031_8002.pdf Birasnav, M., 2014. Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1622-1629. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/86d0/32bab0c398ce6863d89be60c63bce7f244ff.pdf Collings, D.G., 2014. Toward mature talent management: Beyond shareholder value.Human Resource Development Quarterly,25(3), pp.301-319. https://doras.dcu.ie/20302/1/Collings_HRDQ_FINAL.pdf Cooke, F.L., Saini, D.S. and Wang, J., 2014. Talent management in China and India: A comparison of management perceptions and human resource practices.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.225-235. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Debi_Saini/publication/260278719_From_legalism_to_strategic_HRM_Shifting_paradigm_in_grievance_management_in_India/links/00463531084486d1a3000000.pdf Gifford, R. and Nilsson, A., 2014. Personal and social factors that influence pro?environmental concern and behaviour: A review.International Journal of Psychology,49(3), pp.141-157. https://psihologietm.ro/download/Gifford.pdf Hauff, S., Alewell, D. and Hansen, N.K., 2014. HRM systems between control and commitment: Occurrence, characteristics and effects on HRM outcomes and firm performance.Human Resource Management Journal,24(4), pp.424-441. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sven_Hauff/publication/267041329_HRM_Systems_Between_Control_and_Commitment_Occurrence_Characteristics_and_Effects_on_HR_Outcomes_and_Firm_Performance/links/544611290cf2f14fb80f12f1.pdf Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=Qy8aCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=strategic+human+resource+management+pdfots=o8sEQgKRsrsig=27GQKCV17lt6x0IGgYezzg3hA14#v=onepageqf=false Jiang, J.Y. and Liu, C.W., 2015. High performance work systems and organizational effectiveness: The mediating role of social capital.Human Resource Management Review,25(1), pp.126-137. https://bazar.parsmodir.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/socialc-effectivness.pdf Khanna, P., Jones, C.D. and Boivie, S., 2014. Director human capital, information processing demands, and board effectiveness.Journal of Management,40(2), pp.557-585. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1006.8628rep=rep1type=pdf Lippert, S.K. and Govindarajulu, C., 2015. Technological, organizational, and environmental antecedents to web services adoption.Communications of the IIMA,6(1), p.14. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1303context=ciima in 2017.LPU- India's Largest Best Private University (Jalandhar, Punjab). [online] Lovely Professional University (LPU). Available at: https://www.lpu.in [Accessed 31 Mar. 2017]. Obeidat, B.Y. and Abdallah, A.B., 2014. The relationships among human resource management practices, organizational commitment, and knowledge management processes: A structural equation modeling approach.International Journal of Business and Management,9(3), p.9. https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/viewFile/32763/19767 Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. and Jin, J., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), pp.451-466. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34095735/Journal_6___The_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management_on_Environmental_Performance-_An_Employee-Level_Study..pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1490940773Signatur=f8PP0rNmTp8c%2Btoji0NnOCh2qcw%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management.pdf Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. and Jin, J., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), pp.451-466. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34095735/Journal_6___The_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management_on_Environmental_Performance-_An_Employee-Level_Study..pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1490941301Signature=YTF98dU%2B9x8tNGQjRLUbEyCV9j8%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management.pdf Ployhart, R.E., Nyberg, A.J., Reilly, G. and Maltarich, M.A., 2014. Human capital is dead; long live human capital resources!.Journal of Management,40(2), pp.371-398. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anthony_Nyberg/publication/278108019_Human_Capital_Is_Dead_Long_Live_Human_Capital_Resources/links/5603d2a208ae4accfbb8c810.pdf Somsuk, N. and Laosirihongthong, T., 2014. A fuzzy AHP to prioritize enabling factors for strategic management of university business incubators: Resource-based view.Technological forecasting and social change,85, pp.198-210. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/18a5/797b5b09abe1caf0c9a7c1e80c2294527a89.pdf Woodrow, C. and Guest, D.E., 2014. When good HR gets bad results: exploring the challenge of HR implementation in the case of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), pp.38-56. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Guest2/publication/259545878_When_good_HR_gets_bad_results_Exploring_the_challenge_of_HR_implementation_in_the_case_of_workplace_bullying/links/549590f60cf20f487d2f5528.pdf Wright, P.M., Coff, R. and Moliterno, T.P., 2014. Strategic human capital crossing the great divide.Journal of Management,40(2), pp.353-370. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/41256441/Special_Issue_Editorial_Strategic_Human_20160115-19974-tnph5h.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1490940727Signature=KEhGhGvwdSf3nxCLSuepHkgJbFU%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DStrategic_Human_Capital_Crossing_the_Gre.pdf

The Protestant Reformation free essay sample

The Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was not only a pivotal time in European history, but in world history as well. It was time of immense economic, political, and social change. The most well-known religious reformer of the time was Martin Luther, who famously nailed his list of 95 grievances to the church door in Wittenberg. Though initially intended only as a means to invite theological discussion, this simple act would spark perhaps the greatest religious movement in history. As the corruption of the Catholic Church rose, thousands would flock to the new Protestant religions, both for spiritual motivations and secular greed, sending all of Europe into an era of religious upheaval. Although this disruption triggered wars and persecutions, it contributed huge impacts to our society which shaped the modern democratic world today. The massive turmoil that the Reformation caused had a lasting impact on European politics. Soon after the Catholic Church deemed Martin Luther a protestant, Europe became divided along confessional, as well as territorial, lines. We will write a custom essay sample on The Protestant Reformation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The religious turmoil f the period led to warfare within most states and between many. This warfare, especially the Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648, decimated Europe. It was clear not only to Europe, but to Luther that The Catholic Church was the cause of the Protestant Movement through their error and misuse of the truth and power. The years leading up to the Protestant Reformation were plagued by moral corruption and abuse of position in the Holy Church. The priesthood was guilty of several abuses of privilege responsibility and the Popes would rule for power, money politics. Churches would also grant indulgences as a guaranteed path to heaven. Thanks to Luther-who tacked up his Thesis- and to the Reformation, the sale of indulgences eventually ended.. As everything was evolving in this period, many kingdoms stopped paying taxes to the Pope. For example, As Henry the 8th made England a Protestant nation, he became opposed to paying anything to the Catholics. Due to all these complications, The Pope began to lose power. He no longer had the ability to interfere in the affairs of nations, establish any boundaries or even end a war. One of the biggest changes during the Reform affected not only the oldern society, ut our modern one as well. Something exciting was lurking about; Protestantism. It was the Reformation that forced people to make a choice to be Catholic or Protestant. This was an important choice, and a choice had to be made. Some people still maintained allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church but many, if not all adopted to the new form of Christianity†that did not recognize the authority of the Pope. Europe was quickly dominated by this new trend; as it promised much that society didnt have- with the help of those handy theses of course. For one, no longer was it eeded to visit priests and churches to gain a spiritual connection with God, for faith was the only guidance required. New churches were built, as well as the creation of The Bible tor all Protestants, by Luther. However, one ot the biggest changes to society were the translations of the Bible to vernaculars, and thus bringing the Word of God to the people. (The press influenced this as well) They for once, could understand what they were told to believe in by the Catholic Church. It was the Holy Roman Empire in political control, various city-states with enormous power and factions wing with factions for control of property.