Strategic Management of University Business Incubators

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management of University Business Incubators. Answer: Introduction: Strategic human resource management (SHRM) reflects the practices that align business strategies with the HR practices to achieve strategic goals and objectives of the organization (Hill, Jones and Schilling 2014). SHRM plays a significant role in performing all the organizational activities in an appropriate manner. It also allows organizations to utilize internal strengths and weaknesses for countering external threats and opportunities in an effective manner. Now, higher educational sector has also faced several changes in the process over the years. International competition, technology advancement, innovation and globalization have provided higher education sector the opportunity to provide effective educational services to the global student. In the essay, the focus will be on highlighting the significance of HRM functions on an India based university namely Lovely Professional University (LPU). Ashok Mittal established the focus university in 2005 with the objective of becoming one of the best educational institutes in the country. It is semi-residential university developed under the Punjab State University Act. Presently, Lovely Professional University offers around 200 courses or programme for graduate, undergraduate, post-graduate and doctoral level students. More than 30,000 students become graduates from Lovely Professional University every year (lpu.in 2017). LPU also provides distance education facilities for including maximum number of students. For that reason, it has become essential for LPU to maintain appropriate administration within the university to fulfil all the responsibilities in an effective manner. The essay will include discussion about the external environment to highlight the significance of HRM model within the educational university. The essay would also include in-depth information about the several HR functions for creating positive impact on the external environmental condition. External environmental factors in Jackson and Schulers HRM model: Jackson and Schulers HRM model has highlighted the fact that a variety of macro-environmental factors that can have impact on the HRM policies, practices and philosophies. LPU has emerged as one of the prime university in Indian economy over the past few years. As a result, it is expected that all the external environmental factors is likely to have major impact on the policies and procedures initiated by the HR management. Firstly, Jackson and Schulers HRM model has mentioned changes in the international economy on the HR practices (Wright, Coff and Moliterno 2014). In the present time, international economy is fluctuating in a significant manner. It has created direct impact on the foreign exchange rate of the organizations. Therefore, it has also affected the overall profit level of LPU over the past few years. Moreover, continues growth in the foreign economy would also create impact on the wage rate or salary level of the employees. Therefore, it would increase the bargaining po wer of the employees working in the LPU. On the contrary, it will also induce management to set specific rules at the time of setting education fees for foreign and domestic students. Secondly, Jackson and Schulers HRM model have mentioned changes in technology would also create major impact on the physical and mental health of the employees. Moreover, changes in technology would also provide the opportunity to LPU to develop proper substructure within the workplace (Paill et al. 2014). In addition, it would also allow management of LPU to maintain effective coordination among different departments. Therefore, it would help to perform all the organizational responsibilities in an effective manner. Now, changes in technology also require specific skills and knowledge from the employees (Cooke, Saini and Wang 2014). Therefore, it would increase the need of providing training and development facilities within the university. In addition, technological advancement would increase the revenue level of the organization in a major way. As a result, HR management of LPU will have to focus on providing performance appraisal and other additional facilities for maintaining pr oper atmosphere. Thirdly, Jackson and Schulers HRM model has also highlighted that national culture and traditions can affect the HRM activities in terms of transferring national characteristics to the business life. HR management of LPU also have to assess the kind of impact local cultures are creating on the operational activities. Ployhart et al. (2014) have mentioned the fact that LPU management has to consider myths, rituals, values, expectations and occasion of the local society for developing proper HR strategies. Fourthly, Jackson and Schulers HRM model have highlighted industry characteristics, as it can have major impact on policies and procedures. Educational sector creates its own type of HRM system. For instance, all the organizations dealing in the educational sector is more sensitive towards the needs of the human resources. Moreover, education industry is very much dependent on the skills, abilities of the human resources (Paill et al. 2014). Therefore, HR strategy will have to focus on the retaining of the customers for longer period of time. Fifthly, legislative rules and regulations is another prime factor that Jackson and Schulers HRM model has mentioned can induce LPU to navigate different HR strategy. Analysis of the external operating factors in Jackson and Schulers HRM model: External environmental factors of the organization can have major impact on the functionality of the organization. For that reason, it has become essential for the LPU to initiate different adjustment for creating maximum impact on the operational procedure. Firstly, LPU needs to focus on students for providing educational facilities to as much as possible (Obeidat and Abdallah 2014). As the competition level in the Indian educational structure is increasing, it will have to focus on initiating effective marketing strategies for grabbing the attention of the customers. For that reason, LPU not only have to invest huge amount for marketing activities but also have to recruit people with specific knowledge and skills. It has been assessed that HR management of LPU need to take additional responsibilities of including best talent in the market. On the other hand, government regulations are another prime factor that can have major impact on the external operating procedure of LPU. Specifically, as LPU is looking to encourage foreign students to complete their study from the university, government rules and regulations will provide effective guidelines for the university. For instance, HR management of LPU will have to focus on understanding foreign procedure of providing education to ensure all the foreign students can adjust with the provided environment. Moreover, HR management will have to focus on providing proper diversity management atmosphere for fulfilling all the needs in an effective manner. As per the article by Collings (2014), maintenance of healthy relationship among the students is prime responsibilities of the HR management. For that reason, it will have to focus on developing different strategies like functions and induction programs for both students and office staffs in order to handle diversity in an appropriate manner. Economical condition is another prime external factor that can have major impact on the revenue level of universities. Specifically, as the cost required for completing higher education is increasing on continues basis, it require high and stable income from majority of the people (Andries and Czarnitzki 2014). Now, economic growth will increase the per capita income and spending nature of the people. Therefore, it will induce more people to complete their higher education on a regular basis. Inclusion of huge number of students will also create challenges for the HR management of LPU to develop effective strategies for maintaining desired condition of the operational process. In addition, increasing competition in the educational sector in India has also created challenges for the universities to include required amount of students per year. As a result, it has influenced LPU to focus on direct marketing and other promotional activities. It has been assessed that LPU has focus on ut ilizing advertisement for television, radio and newspaper for increasing popularity in the market, which is a relatively new trend for the educational universities (Gifford and Nilsson 2014). However, utilization of effective marketing strategies requires individuals with specific skills and knowledge. For that reason, HR management of LPU will have to make some adjustments in the recruitment and other operational activities for fulfilling all the provided responsibilities in an appropriate manner. Different functions of HR: In the present competitive educational sector, HR management needs to perform several activities for ensuring fulfilment of all the needs of the operational process in an effective manner. For that reason, utilization of all the HR functions is essential to achieve all the aims and objectives in an appropriate way. Now, HR functions firstly focuses on developing long-term and short-term plan in order to ensure that the organizations do not have to face any challenges in performing all the requirements of the operational process (Khanna, Jones and Boivie 2014). Now, overall success of higher educational sector heavily depends on the kind of individuals it has for performing all the necessary operational activities. Therefore, HR management of LPU will have to focus on developing plans for resourcing employees with superior skills and knowledge. It will induce HR of LPU to utilize various types of resourcing strategies for including individuals with best knowledge and skills available in the market. Moreover, HR management of LPU will also have to focus on developing strategies to retain the present human resources for longer period of time (Lippert and Govindarajulu 2015). For that reason, it will have to focus on utilizing effective performance measurement techniques, which will help to provide appropriate and timely appraisals. In addition, it will also induce HR management to focus on providing some additional benefits to keep the satisfaction level of the employees in an effective way. As per the article by Woodrow and Guest (2014) recruitment and selection is among the prime activities that HR management will have to perform for ensuring continues growth in the market. Now, LPU requires both skilled and non-skilled staffs for performing all the activities related to operational process. For that reason, it will induce HR management of LPU to focus on variety of recruitment strategy based on needs and wants of the university. For instance, in case of recruiting any professor, HR management of LPU will have to focus on assessing the educational and job experience of those personnel. Moreover, HR management will have to focus on conducting several tests to ensure that the best possible talent is selected from the market. However, in case of non-skilled staffs, HR management needs to focus on using very simple technique, which would consume lesser amount of time. Providing proper training and development to the employees is another important HR functions. In the present educational structure, introduction of advance technologies and changes in the educational procedure have increased the significance of providing training to the employees working in the higher educational structure (Jiang and Liu 2015). Therefore, HR management will have to focus on identifying the training needs of each individuals working in the university. HR management of LPU will also have to identify the prime area of challenges that can have major impact on the effectiveness of the operational process. Moreover, HR functions of LPU will also have to focus on assessing the provided remuneration and rewards to all the employees. For that reason, it will have to focus on analyzing the kind of benefits other universities are offerings. As a result, it will ensure LPU to develop effective counter strategies for covering all aspect of the employee benefit aspect. It has been assessed that remuneration and rewards can have maximum impact on the motivational level of the employees (Hauff, Alewell and Hansen 2014). Therefore, it can actually affect the effectiveness of the operational process, which can have major impact on the future of all the students associated with the university. Development of employee relation is another key function of HR that can have huge impact on the internal environment at the workplace. It has been assessed that employee relation can allow organizations to avoid several types of conflicting situations in an appropriate way. Therefore, it helps to create strong interpersonal bonding among each other. For that reason, HR management of LPU will have to focus on utilizing different employee engagement program apart from the daily work schedule. It will ensure that all the employees working in LPU can understand each other perspective in a better way. As a result, it will also help LPU to develop strong communicational network within the workplace, which is critical for maintaining success in this competitive market. Impact of external factors on HR functions: As mentioned by Bauer and Matzler (2014) external factors create huge amount of impact on the way all the HR functions are performed within the workplace. Firstly, changes in the international economy will induce HR management of LPU to focus on assessing the value of currency in the international market. It has been assessed that fluctuating nature of foreign exchange often creates mistake for the HR management in setting up fees structure for international students. Moreover, continues economical growth in international market would influence HR of LPU to provide higher salaries and other benefits to attract any foreign individual to accept the job opportunity available in the university. Thus, it will create impact on the remuneration and reward strategies of the organization. On the other hand, technological changes or acceptance of advance technologies with the educational sector will induce LPU to focus on providing proper training and development facilities for maximizing the utility of available resources (Somsuk and Laosirihongthong 2014). Moreover, it has been assessed that technological advancement has allowed LPU to utilize e-learning techniques, where a professor can take his class from some other countries through the video conference and other facilities. Therefore, HR management of LPU will have to ensure that these types of employees receive all the required benefits in an effective way. For that reason, HR management will have to focus on utilizing different types of payment method, which will ensure all the employees receive their salaries within the given timeframe. Conversely, economys culture and values also creates major impact on the HR functions, as it induce to implement different types of strategies for fulfilling all the requirements (Birasnav 2014). For instance, HR management of LPU will have to develop holiday list as per the festivals and other occasions in India. At the same time, it will have to be flexible enough to provide additional facilities regarding leaves or holidays to the foreign students so that it can cover all aspect of the operational process. Industry characteristics also create major impact on the way HR activities are performed within the higher educational framework (Al Ariss, Cascio and Paauwe 2014). For instance, it induces LPU to provide higher pay structure for all the employees. Moreover, it will also induce HR management to be extremely strict at the time of selecting or recruiting any individual, as any compromise in the recruitment process can have major impact on the future of the students. Conclusion: The above discussion has highlighted the fact that effective evaluation of all the external factors is essential for performing all the HR functions in an appropriate manner. It has also established the fact that external factors can actually induce HR management to make huge adjustments in the initiated strategies for creating desired impact at the workplace. It has been assessed that appropriate use of HR functions has become essential for LPU to perform all the activities associated with the operational process in an appropriate manner. References: Al Ariss, A., Cascio, W.F. and Paauwe, J., 2014. Talent management: Current theories and future research directions.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.173-179. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/45139710/talent_management.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1490941000Signature=BpKGabD%2BJStgqIKQAfvhKG4mcNo%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DTalent_management_Current_theories_and_f.pdf Andries, P. and Czarnitzki, D., 2014. Small firm innovation performance and employee involvement.Small Business Economics,43(1), pp.21-38. https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/56013/1/688587070.pdf Bauer, F. and Matzler, K., 2014. Antecedents of MA success: The role of strategic complementarity, cultural fit, and degree and speed of integration.Strategic management journal,35(2), pp.269-291. https://www.rcmewhu.com/upload/file/20150525/20150525205031_8002.pdf Birasnav, M., 2014. Knowledge management and organizational performance in the service industry: The role of transformational leadership beyond the effects of transactional leadership.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1622-1629. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/86d0/32bab0c398ce6863d89be60c63bce7f244ff.pdf Collings, D.G., 2014. Toward mature talent management: Beyond shareholder value.Human Resource Development Quarterly,25(3), pp.301-319. https://doras.dcu.ie/20302/1/Collings_HRDQ_FINAL.pdf Cooke, F.L., Saini, D.S. and Wang, J., 2014. Talent management in China and India: A comparison of management perceptions and human resource practices.Journal of World Business,49(2), pp.225-235. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Debi_Saini/publication/260278719_From_legalism_to_strategic_HRM_Shifting_paradigm_in_grievance_management_in_India/links/00463531084486d1a3000000.pdf Gifford, R. and Nilsson, A., 2014. Personal and social factors that influence pro?environmental concern and behaviour: A review.International Journal of Psychology,49(3), pp.141-157. https://psihologietm.ro/download/Gifford.pdf Hauff, S., Alewell, D. and Hansen, N.K., 2014. HRM systems between control and commitment: Occurrence, characteristics and effects on HRM outcomes and firm performance.Human Resource Management Journal,24(4), pp.424-441. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Sven_Hauff/publication/267041329_HRM_Systems_Between_Control_and_Commitment_Occurrence_Characteristics_and_Effects_on_HR_Outcomes_and_Firm_Performance/links/544611290cf2f14fb80f12f1.pdf Hill, C.W., Jones, G.R. and Schilling, M.A., 2014.Strategic management: theory: an integrated approach. Cengage Learning. https://books.google.co.in/books?hl=enlr=id=Qy8aCgAAQBAJoi=fndpg=PP1dq=strategic+human+resource+management+pdfots=o8sEQgKRsrsig=27GQKCV17lt6x0IGgYezzg3hA14#v=onepageqf=false Jiang, J.Y. and Liu, C.W., 2015. High performance work systems and organizational effectiveness: The mediating role of social capital.Human Resource Management Review,25(1), pp.126-137. https://bazar.parsmodir.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/04/socialc-effectivness.pdf Khanna, P., Jones, C.D. and Boivie, S., 2014. Director human capital, information processing demands, and board effectiveness.Journal of Management,40(2), pp.557-585. https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.1006.8628rep=rep1type=pdf Lippert, S.K. and Govindarajulu, C., 2015. Technological, organizational, and environmental antecedents to web services adoption.Communications of the IIMA,6(1), p.14. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1303context=ciima in 2017.LPU- India's Largest Best Private University (Jalandhar, Punjab). [online] Lovely Professional University (LPU). Available at: https://www.lpu.in [Accessed 31 Mar. 2017]. Obeidat, B.Y. and Abdallah, A.B., 2014. The relationships among human resource management practices, organizational commitment, and knowledge management processes: A structural equation modeling approach.International Journal of Business and Management,9(3), p.9. https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ijbm/article/viewFile/32763/19767 Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. and Jin, J., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), pp.451-466. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34095735/Journal_6___The_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management_on_Environmental_Performance-_An_Employee-Level_Study..pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1490940773Signatur=f8PP0rNmTp8c%2Btoji0NnOCh2qcw%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management.pdf Paill, P., Chen, Y., Boiral, O. and Jin, J., 2014. The impact of human resource management on environmental performance: An employee-level study.Journal of Business Ethics,121(3), pp.451-466. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/34095735/Journal_6___The_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management_on_Environmental_Performance-_An_Employee-Level_Study..pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1490941301Signature=YTF98dU%2B9x8tNGQjRLUbEyCV9j8%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DThe_Impact_of_Human_Resource_Management.pdf Ployhart, R.E., Nyberg, A.J., Reilly, G. and Maltarich, M.A., 2014. Human capital is dead; long live human capital resources!.Journal of Management,40(2), pp.371-398. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Anthony_Nyberg/publication/278108019_Human_Capital_Is_Dead_Long_Live_Human_Capital_Resources/links/5603d2a208ae4accfbb8c810.pdf Somsuk, N. and Laosirihongthong, T., 2014. A fuzzy AHP to prioritize enabling factors for strategic management of university business incubators: Resource-based view.Technological forecasting and social change,85, pp.198-210. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/18a5/797b5b09abe1caf0c9a7c1e80c2294527a89.pdf Woodrow, C. and Guest, D.E., 2014. When good HR gets bad results: exploring the challenge of HR implementation in the case of workplace bullying.Human Resource Management Journal,24(1), pp.38-56. https://www.researchgate.net/profile/David_Guest2/publication/259545878_When_good_HR_gets_bad_results_Exploring_the_challenge_of_HR_implementation_in_the_case_of_workplace_bullying/links/549590f60cf20f487d2f5528.pdf Wright, P.M., Coff, R. and Moliterno, T.P., 2014. Strategic human capital crossing the great divide.Journal of Management,40(2), pp.353-370. https://s3.amazonaws.com/academia.edu.documents/41256441/Special_Issue_Editorial_Strategic_Human_20160115-19974-tnph5h.pdf?AWSAccessKeyId=AKIAIWOWYYGZ2Y53UL3AExpires=1490940727Signature=KEhGhGvwdSf3nxCLSuepHkgJbFU%3Dresponse-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%3DStrategic_Human_Capital_Crossing_the_Gre.pdf

The Protestant Reformation free essay sample

The Protestant Reformation. The Protestant Reformation was not only a pivotal time in European history, but in world history as well. It was time of immense economic, political, and social change. The most well-known religious reformer of the time was Martin Luther, who famously nailed his list of 95 grievances to the church door in Wittenberg. Though initially intended only as a means to invite theological discussion, this simple act would spark perhaps the greatest religious movement in history. As the corruption of the Catholic Church rose, thousands would flock to the new Protestant religions, both for spiritual motivations and secular greed, sending all of Europe into an era of religious upheaval. Although this disruption triggered wars and persecutions, it contributed huge impacts to our society which shaped the modern democratic world today. The massive turmoil that the Reformation caused had a lasting impact on European politics. Soon after the Catholic Church deemed Martin Luther a protestant, Europe became divided along confessional, as well as territorial, lines. We will write a custom essay sample on The Protestant Reformation or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The religious turmoil f the period led to warfare within most states and between many. This warfare, especially the Thirty Years War from 1618 to 1648, decimated Europe. It was clear not only to Europe, but to Luther that The Catholic Church was the cause of the Protestant Movement through their error and misuse of the truth and power. The years leading up to the Protestant Reformation were plagued by moral corruption and abuse of position in the Holy Church. The priesthood was guilty of several abuses of privilege responsibility and the Popes would rule for power, money politics. Churches would also grant indulgences as a guaranteed path to heaven. Thanks to Luther-who tacked up his Thesis- and to the Reformation, the sale of indulgences eventually ended.. As everything was evolving in this period, many kingdoms stopped paying taxes to the Pope. For example, As Henry the 8th made England a Protestant nation, he became opposed to paying anything to the Catholics. Due to all these complications, The Pope began to lose power. He no longer had the ability to interfere in the affairs of nations, establish any boundaries or even end a war. One of the biggest changes during the Reform affected not only the oldern society, ut our modern one as well. Something exciting was lurking about; Protestantism. It was the Reformation that forced people to make a choice to be Catholic or Protestant. This was an important choice, and a choice had to be made. Some people still maintained allegiance to the Roman Catholic Church but many, if not all adopted to the new form of Christianity†that did not recognize the authority of the Pope. Europe was quickly dominated by this new trend; as it promised much that society didnt have- with the help of those handy theses of course. For one, no longer was it eeded to visit priests and churches to gain a spiritual connection with God, for faith was the only guidance required. New churches were built, as well as the creation of The Bible tor all Protestants, by Luther. However, one ot the biggest changes to society were the translations of the Bible to vernaculars, and thus bringing the Word of God to the people. (The press influenced this as well) They for once, could understand what they were told to believe in by the Catholic Church. It was the Holy Roman Empire in political control, various city-states with enormous power and factions wing with factions for control of property.

Expressing Your Feelings Through a High Expression Sample

Expressing Your Feelings Through a High Expression SampleAn expressive essay sample is the best way to make a good impression in any place where you are supposed to attend a speech, interview or school demonstration. An expressive essay sample will be an excellent tool for your communication as well as for your presentation. Using an expressive essay sample can help you achieve the right image when it comes to your promotion or other events that are held by some groups.You can make use of an informative essay and an expressive essay sample to your advantage. It helps you make a proper and successful entry into the place where you are supposed to be attending the seminar. If you are not able to adapt yourself with the characteristics, then you may lose your chance of making an appearance. You need to have the ability to convey all the facts and details to make it a success.A good impression of yourself and others can go a long way in any situation. Whether you are asked to be an advis or for a certain organization or a teacher, an expressive essay sample can help you grab the attention of the people present. Use an expressive essay sample to impress everyone by presenting an impressive image.It is not enough to just stick to the facts and information that are known by you; you need to ensure that your presentation has an artistic appeal to it. While you are narrating, keep your listeners interested to listen to you. Also, it is important to make your data understandable to those who are present to learn more about it.Before deciding on the type of informative essay to use, you need to evaluate the audience you will be addressing. An expressive essay sample can also be used to address groups that are open to educational and informative events. However, it is important to make sure that you put down all the facts and details that you are supposed to talk about.To get the right form for your essay samples, start by deciding on the topic. In most cases, essay samples are used to introduce subjects like history, poetry, music, language, philosophy and religion. You can choose a creative subject that can express the artistic appeal that you want to communicate.The information that you write should be clear and straight to the point. The facts should be accurate and free from grammatical errors. An expressive essay sample should provide information and facts that are complete and precise.The expression in your essay sample should be appropriate to the topic. You may use it for any group you are in. It is your duty to make it interesting, easy to understand and should also have the right expression. Once you get the desired result, you can be sure that you will have made a right impression and will give a perfect speech.

The Human Genome Project Essay Thesis Example For Students

The Human Genome Project Essay Thesis The Human Genome ProjectThe Human Genome Project is a worldwide research effort with the goal ofanalyzing the structure of human DNA and determining the location of theestimated 100,000 human genes. The DNA of a set of model organisms will bestudied to provide the information necessary for understanding the functioningof the human genome. The information gathered by the human genome project isexpected to be the source book for biomedical science in the twenty-firstcentury and will be of great value to the field of medicine. The project willhelp us to understand and eventually treat more than 4,000 genetic diseases thataffect mankind. The scientific products of the human genome project will includea resource of genomic maps and DNA sequence information that will providedetailed information about the structure, organization, and characteristics ofhuman DNA, information that constitutes the basic set of inheritedinstructions for the development and functioning of a human being. We will write a custom essay on The Human Genome Project Thesis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Human Genome Project began in the mid 1980s and was widely examinedwithin the scientific community and public press through the last half of thatdecade. In the United States, the Department of Energy (DOE) initially, and theNational Institutes of Health (NIH) soon after, were the main research agencieswithin the US government responsible for developing and planning the project. By1988, the two agencies were working together, an association that was formalizedby the signing of a Memorandum of Understanding to coordinate research andtechnical activities related to the human genome. The National Center for HumanGenome Research (NCHGR) was established in 1989 to head the human genome projectfor the NIH. NCHGR is one of twenty-four institutes, centers, or divisions thatmake up the NIH, the federal governments main agency for the support ofbiomedical research. At least sixteen countries have established Human GenomeProjects. The Office of Technology Assessment (OTA) and the National ResearchCouncil (NRC) prepared a report describing the plans for the US human genomeproject and is updated as further advances in the underlying technology occur. To achieve the scientific goals, which together encompass the humangenome project, a number of administrative measures have been put in place. Inaddition, a newsletter, an electronic bulletin board, a comprehensiveadministrative data base, and other communications tools are being set up tofacilitate communication and tracking of progress. The overall budget needs forthe effort are expected to be about $200 million per year for approximately 15years. Lasers are used in the detection of DNA in many aspects of the project;a very important use is in sorting chromosomes by flow cytometry. Lasers arealso used in confocal fluorescence laser microscopy to excite fluorescentlytagged molecules in genome mapping, in addition to other mapping uses. Indiagnostic applications, lasers are used with fluorescent probes attached to DNAto light up chromosomes and to create patterns on DNA chips. From the beginning of the human genome project it was clearly recognizedthat acquisition and use of such genetic knowledge would have momentousinvolvements for both individuals and society and would pose a number ofconsequential choices for public and professional deliberation. As Thomas Lee writes, the effort underway is unlike anything everbefore attempted, if successful, it could lead to our ultimate control of humandisease, aging, and death. Whatever its justification, the human genome project has alreadyinspired society with the hope of better babies, and one way to deploypragmatism in the analysis of genetic engineering is to look at this promise ofbetter babies in its social context: parenthood. Parents hope for healthychildren and, if they could afford it, make choices (such as choosing parentalcare) to help engineer healthier babies. Genetic engineering seems in thisrespect to offer the brightest hope for parents. Through germ-line therapy,disastrous, but genetically discrete diseases, such as Huntingtons and cysticfibrosis could be removed from the DNA of the egg or zygote. Clearly parentswould follow the model in choosing to avoid a short, painful life for theirchildren. .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .postImageUrl , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:hover , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:visited , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:active { border:0!important; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:active , .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6 .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uf17e6e1dab3e9e8db7f52eb6fc3c09c6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Enlightenment EssayAnother more reasonable fear is that we have not the slightest idea whatwe are doing and ought to avoid making hasty choices. Hybrid varieties are oftenimpossible to protect from the complexities and dangers of nature. In the humancondition, this is the possibility of making an error and creating a geneticallyadvanced baby who cannot cope with an imperfect world. While much of societyreports a willingness to modify DNA for the purpose of heightening intelligence,education about genetics and medicine is still in its beginning. Jonathan Glover argues for a pragmatism of risks and benefits, writingthat, The debate on human genetic engineering should become like the on nuclearpower: one in which large possible benefits have to be weighed against bigproblems and great disasters. One significant element is the assertion that genetic engineering isradically different from any other kind of human medicine, and constitutesinterference in a restricted area, trying to play God. As Robert Wright notes, Biologists and ethicists have by now expendedthousands of words warning about slippery slopes, reflecting on Nazi Germany,and warning that a government quest for a super race could begin anew ifgenetic engineering ventures too far. In my opinion, I believe that, if and only if, a deadly disease isdetected, then the scientists and/or doctors should tap into the DNA of a zygoteor egg for testing and absolute knowledge of the steps of the procedure must bepresent. I do not believe that there should be a genetically advanced child inthe world, everyone is created equal and nobody should have their destinychanged for any reason. Science

How the colors of the office can affect productivity in your employees

How the colors of the office can affect productivity in your employees Who would’ve thought that the colors in your office space can affect the productivity of your employees? Colors can set the mood for your employees through out the day. Some colors are calming while other colors can help to inspire and drive creativity. But you don’t have to limit yourself to pick just one color, you can make as many combinations  you feel is best. Look around, does your office space have these colors? Maybe it might be time to get some objects with these colors to jazz up your working space.  Source [Taskworld]

Summary Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Summary - Movie Review Example Anyone who watches this documentary will surely realize that this war was an absurd one because its outcome was very obvious-America, who initiated the war, only won because Spain was a very weak enemy. The documentary shows how the America found a new channel in its first overseas war. As the events of 1898 disclosed, Americans started to become anti-Spain due to the ways Spain used to suppress the rebel army of Cuba. Gradually, the support for a war to purge the Cubans of the Spanish domination grew. The documentary investigates the role played by sensationalist journalism in the war. It pays special scrutiny to the then editor of The New York Journal, William Randolph Hearst. Apparently, Hearst recognized the scope for national fame, as well as the sale of newspapers, that the coverage of a war with Spain would provide. Thus, with this came the existence of the first hostile propaganda in the history of modern media; by putting all the blame on Spain, Hearst increased pro-war opinions and made sure that the hesitant President agreed. However, not all the Americans, especially African-Americans, supported the war. Some of the African-Americans believed that it was wrong for them to fight for the sake of their oppressors. Others believed that their contribution in the war would make things better for their race. However, those who took part in the race were subject to racism and anti-black violence. America won the war easily within weeks. Spain gave up its tyranny over Cuba and handed Guam, Puerto Rico and the Philippines to America after the dispute was settled by the Treaty of Paris. However, instead of rescuing the rebels of Cuba and Philippines, America simply replaced Spain-months later it fought its own provincial war against Filipino rebels. America kept interfering with Cuban matters till 1934, leaving behind feelings of anti-Americanism. Crucible of Empire perfectly

Strategy and Transformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Strategy and Transformation - Essay Example The company has been listed on the New York Stock Exchange, listed on the Dow Jones Industrial Average on April 8, 2004 and appears on the S&P 500 Component. Pfizer revenue for the year ending 2011 amounted to $67.425 billion, while the operating income was $8.739 billion in the same fiscal year. During the same year, the company’s net income amounted to $10.009 billion while the total assets and equity amounted to $188.002 and $82.190 billion respectively. The company employs a great number of employees who totaled to 103,700 by the year 2011. Pfizer Company also has a number of subsidiaries, which include, Agouron Pharmaceuticals,  G. D. Searle & Company, Greenstone,  Parke-Davis, Pharmacia,  Upjohn, Warner Lambert,  and Wyeth. However, this giant firm has faced a number of challenges in the last few years. In the year 2009, the company pleaded guilty of health care fraud that was the largest fraud case ever to be heard in the US. It also received the largest crimina l penalty ever levied because of illegal marketing of four of its drugs, which included Bextra,  Geodon, Zyvox, and  Lyrica. The company was called a repeat offender since it was its fourth such settlement with the US department of Justice in the last decade. That year, the company agreed to purchase Wyeth, a large pharmaceutical company, for $US$ 68billion. Cash, shares, and loans financed this deal. The completion of this purchase was finalized in October 15, 2009. These challenges have forced the company to think of strategic decisions that will enable the company achieve its vision, mission, objectives, short-term, and long-term goals. Strategic Uncertainties Facing Pfizer Pfizer Company faces a number of uncertainties, which are also facing various pharmaceutical firms. The modern pharmaceutical market place is characterized by change and uncertainty. Pfizer is facing a tough road ahead in its future markets with some of its major products facing patent rights expiration. A dditionally, its new drugs are not replacing the ageing products. The approval by NMEs is declining and the development and commercialization cost continues to increase at a high rate. There is an increasing pressure in the pharmaceutical industry due to the increasing competitive pressure and cutthroat rate of spending. This rate of spending cannot continue at infinitum. Pharmaceutical will linger on being the most cost effective health care intervention initiative and the market for its products will always continue to exist and expand as people and animals increases. Emerging trends in the pharmaceutical industry will persist and others will need to be transformed in order to cope with the modern changes. Some of the strategic uncertainties that the Pfizer are the changing landscape of the pharmaceutical industry. This is happening because the contemporary state of pharmaceutical industry is not good. A recent research has indicated that the current US prescription drug sales ind icate growth of only 4% whereas the wholesale grew by only 3.8%. This is low increase compared to the previous years since 1961. It shows a slow growth rate that means, with the increase in the number of pharmaceutical firm, the market will increase more division and therefore, minimal sales. Pfizer has shown these trends by making changes, which will respond to the unfolding pressure in the industry. Pfizer has been forced by this circumstance by resting off workers in order to focus on the therapeutic areas and respond